Incorporation and isolation of a piece of DNA into a vector so it can be manipulated and replicated
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Three main steps of molecular cloning (in sequential order)
Fragmentation and isolation of source DNA, insertion of DNA fragment into cloning vector, and introduction of cloned DNA into host organism
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DNA used in molecular cloning
Recombinant DNA
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Sticky ends
Single-stranded
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Blunt ends
Double-stranded
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Go together better (single-stranded sticky ends or double-stranded blunt ends?)
Single-stranded sticky ends
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Molecular glue for recombinant DNA technology
T4 ligase
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Qualities of plasmids that make good cloning vectors
Easy to purify, independent origin of replication (ori), multiple copy number, presence of selectable markers, small size (smaller than chromosome), and unique cloning sites (polylinker)
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Example of common selectable markers for plasmids used as cloning vectors
Antibiotic resistance
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The human body is a \___ environment
Diverse
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Normal microbiota or microflora of the human body
Microbes associated with healthy body tissue and regularly found at an anatomical site
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Symbiotic relationship between human body and microbiota/microflora begins at...
Birth
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Symbiotic relationship between human body and microbiota/microflora varies...
With environment and food source
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Microbiota/microflora found...
At mucous membranes and on surfaces of the body
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Microbiota/microflora normally not found...
In internal tissues
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Three microenvironments of skin
Dry skin, moist skin, and sebaceous skin
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Skin has \___ microflora
Both resident and transient
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Microflora of skin influenced by...
Environment and host factors
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\___ bacteria per square millimeter of skin
1 trillion
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Skin microflora is \___ environment
Inhospitable
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Skin microflora as inhospitable environment (5)
High concentration of NaCl, inhibitory substances, many areas low in moisture, mechanically strong barrier, and slightly acidic pH
Studied by 39 people
