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What is the main function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
To transport most oxygen and part of carbon dioxide in blood.
What is blood primarily composed of?
Cells surrounded by a liquid matrix called plasma.
What are the three primary functions of blood?
Transport, regulation, and protection.
What percentage of body weight does blood account for?
About 8%.
What is the typical volume of blood in males and females?
5–6 L in males and 4–5 L in females.
What pH range does blood normally maintain?
pH 7.35–7.45.
What are the components of blood plasma?
Water, proteins, and other solutes.
What is the role of albumins in blood plasma?
Help maintain osmotic pressure, an important factor in the exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls.
What do neutrophils primarily do?
Phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria.
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in blood?
To mediate immune responses.
What is hemostasis?
The rapid series of reactions that stop bleeding.
What are the three steps involved in hemostasis?
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
What triggers vascular spasms in response to injury?
Direct injury to vascular smooth muscle, chemicals released by endothelial cells and activated platelets, and pain reflexes.
What substance reinforces the platelet plug during coagulation?
Fibrin.
What does ABO blood group classification depend on?
The presence or absence of agglutinogens (antigens) on RBCs.
What happens if mismatched transfused RBCs are introduced into the body?
They are perceived as foreign, agglutinated, and may be destroyed, leading to potentially fatal reactions.
