Chapter Two- Expanding Empires, Europ and the America's

1500-1700

Constantinople

was the captial of multiple empires-Roman, Bysantine, Latin, and Ottoman

The ottomon conquest of Constantinople and the expansion of the mediterranean world led to what?

It delayed European Commercial Development

What event disrupted European Trade and encouraged overseas exploration?

The Ottoman Conquest of Contantinople

What technological advances helped European maritime exploartion?

Astrolabes, caraveks with ribbed hulls nad improved naviagtion techniques

What also emerged from overseas explorations and european trade? 

strengthening of the ottomans navies, maritime technology such as caravels with ribbed hulls.

Who were the first Europeans to circumnavigate the african continent and ventrue into the indian ocean?

The portugues

what was King Henry the Navigators role in exploration?

He invested in portugues sea power and supported eary exploration efforts.

How did the role of the Americas play a role in making Portuguese important participants in the Indian Ocean Trade?

The silver they gained from the americas, and the application of new military and maritime technologies.

Causes of the Protestant Reformation:

xxx

around 1500 most Europeans practiced some from of __________.

Christianity

Orthodox Christianity dominated where?

Eastern Europe, the Balkans and Russia

During what period did a succession of Popes authorize the selling of indulgences?

The Medival Period

Explain the process of the selling of indulgences

every sin must be purified either before death, through confession and absolution or, after death, during time spent in purgatory, Through a donation to the church of either service or money, preists would reduce the amount of time a person would have to spend in purgatory before advancing to heaven.

Selling of indulgences granted what?

full or partial remission for sins.

In the 14th century, which reformers granted the selling of indulgences as a corrupt practice? 

John Wycliffe and Jan Haus 

What Dutch theologian raised the same church doctorines as corrupt after the exectuion of Haus and Wycliffe

Erasmus of Rotterdams Praise Folly

How did Erasmus’s Praise of Folly contribute to the Reformation?

It critized the Catholic Church’s corruption and spread widely due to the printing press

Which protestant reformer challenged the Catholic church with his “Ninety-Five-Theses.”

Martin Luther King (1483-1546)

What was Luther’s main theological belief?

Justification of Faith: Salvation only could be gained by faith in God.

In 1521, which group of regligous and political leaders declared Luther as a heretic?

Diet of Worms

What occured when Luther seperated from the church?

Sparked a new movement known as Protestantism.

What did Protestantism eventually lead to?

The creation of many new Christian Denominations

Who is Johann Gutenberg?

A goldsmith which invented one of the most revolutionaly devices in modern history- the printing press.

Catholic teachings stressed…

the importanct of doing good deads and sacraments that depended heavily on the churches traditions to earn salvation.

What did the reformation provoke?

A counter catholic reformation