CHM 257: FINAL Reaction and Reagents Review

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19 Terms

1
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H-X Addition to Alkenes

Reagent: H-X (X= Cl, Br, I), Markovnikov Addition

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Acid-catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

Reagent: H3O+ or H2O, H+, Markovnikov Addition

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Hydroboration of Alkenes

Reagents: BH3-THF and NaOH, H2O2, syn addition anti-Markovnikov

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Halogenation of Alkenes

Reagents: X2 (X= Cl, Br, I) anti-addition of X2

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Hydrogenation of Alkenes

Reagents: H2 (D2 for clarity); syn-addition

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Epoxidation of Alkenes

Reagent: mCPBA, creates epoxide

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Hydrolysis of Epoxides

Reagent: H3O+, anti-ring opening (two OH)

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Hydroxylation of Alkenes

Reagents: 1) KMnO4; 2) NaOH, H2O

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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes

Reagents: 1) KMnO4; 2) H3O+ (two carbonyl groups)

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H-X Addition to Dienes

Reagent: H-X (X= Cl, Br, I); Major product = 1,2 addition; Minor product = 1,4 addition

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Hydrogenation of Alkenes

Reagent: 1) H2; 2) Pd, Pt, or Ni; produces alkane unless Lindlar Catalyst present (produces (Z)-alkene)

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Hydration of Alkynes

Reagents: 1) H3O+; 2) HgSO4, Keto-enol Tautomerism

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Formation of Acetylide Anion

Reagents: 1) NaNH2, acid base reaction produces acetylide anion

14
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Reaction of Acetylide Anion with Alkyl Halide and Subsequent Reaction

Reagent: R'-Br; produces alkyne + NaBr

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Halogenation

Reagents: 1) X2/FeX3 (X=Cl, Br)

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Nitration

Reagent: HNO3, H2SO4

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Sulfonation

Reagent: SO3, H2SO4

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Alkylation

Reagent: 1)R-Cl; 2) AlCl3 (0.1 Eq)

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Acylation

Reagents: 1) Cl-(C=O)-R; 2)AlCl3 (0.1 Eq)