NUR 2005 Comprehensive Final Exam - Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, newborn care, alterations in reproduction, mental health, cellular regulation, elimination, and safety.

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Subjective symptoms felt by the woman that cannot confirm pregnancy, including amenorrhea, excessive fatigue, urinary frequency, nausea, vomiting, breast changes, and quickening.

Probable Signs of Pregnancy

Objective findings detected by an examiner that are not conclusive, such as Goodell sign, Chadwick sign, Hegar sign, McDonald sign, uterine enlargement, ballottement, and positive pregnancy tests.

Diagnostic Signs of Pregnancy

Conclusive evidence confirming pregnancy: fetal heartbeat auscultated, fetal movement felt by a trained examiner, or ultrasound visualization of the fetus.

GTPAL System

G: Gravida (total pregnancies); T: Term ($\ge 37$ weeks); P: Preterm ($20-36$ weeks); A: Abortions ($<20$ weeks); L: Living children.

Naegele's Rule

A formula to calculate Estimated Date of Delivery: subtract 3 months from the first day of the LMP, then add 7 days.

L/S Ratio

A measure of fetal lung maturity obtained via amniocentesis; a ratio of $\ge 2:1$ indicates the lungs are mature.

Reactive Non-stress Test (NST)

A reassuring result defined as 2 or more accelerations of $15\,bpm$ for 15 seconds within a 20-minute period.

Bishop's Score

A scoring system used before induction to assess cervical favorability; a score $\ge 6$ is favorable, and $\ge 8$ is most favorable.

Goodell Sign

Softening of the cervix detected by the examiner, classified as a probable sign of pregnancy.

Chadwick Sign

Blue or purple discoloration of the cervix, classified as a probable sign of pregnancy.

Hegar Sign

Softening of the lower uterine segment, classified as a probable sign of pregnancy.

McDonald's Rule

The estimation that fundal height in centimeters equals the weeks of gestation $\pm 2\,cm$ after 20 weeks.

HELLP Syndrome Sign

Right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain in a pregnant woman, suggesting potential preeclampsia or liver involvement.

VEAL CHOP

Mnemonic for FHR patterns: Variable=Cord compression; Early=Head compression; Acceleration=Okay; Late=Placental insufficiency.

Late Deceleration

A fetal heart rate pattern caused by placental insufficiency; an emergency requiring left lateral positioning, Oxygen, IV fluids, and stopping Pitocin.

Standard Newborn Heart Rate

The normal fetal/newborn heart rate range of $110-160\,bpm$.

BUBBLE-HE

Postpartum assessment mnemonic: Breasts, Uterus, Bowel, Bladder, Lochia, Episiotomy, Homan's sign, Emotions.

Lochia Rubra

Red vaginal discharge occurring on days 1–3 postpartum.

REEDA

Acronym for assessing episiotomies or lacerations: Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Drainage, Approximation.

Methergine (methylergonovine)

A uterotonic medication contraindicated in patients with hypertension due to its vasoconstrictive effects.

APGAR Score

A documentation tool assessed at 1 and 5 minutes to trend newborn status based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

Moro Reflex

A startle response where a newborn extends then flexes arms; asymmetry may indicate a brachial plexus injury or clavicle fracture.

Babinski Reflex

Fanning of the toes when the sole is stroked; considered normal in infants but abnormal in adults.

Ophthalmia Neonatorum Prevention

The administration of Erythromycin eye ointment to prevent gonorrheal eye infections in newborns.

Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) Screening

A pulse oximetry screening performed on the newborn's right hand and either foot.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy characterized by weight loss $>5\%$, dehydration, and ketonuria.

Ectopic Pregnancy Sign

Unilateral sharp pelvic pain; shoulder pain suggests rupture and diaphragm irritation by blood, constituting an emergency.

Magnesium Sulfate Toxicity

Signs include decreased or absent Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs), respiratory rate $<12/min$, and urine output $<30\,mL/hr$.

Placental Abruption

Premature separation of the placenta characterized by dark red vaginal bleeding, painful contractions, and a board-like rigid abdomen.

Placenta Previa

Implantation of the placenta over the cervical os characterized by painless, bright red vaginal bleeding; vaginal exams are strictly contraindicated.

Prolapsed Umbilical Cord

An emergency where the cord descends below the presenting part; nursing priority is to push the presenting part off the cord and maintain pressure.

McRoberts Maneuver

Hyperflexing the mother's thighs onto the abdomen to widen the pelvic outlet during shoulder dystocia.

Postpartum Hemorrhage (Tone)

Uterine atony is the most common cause (70–80%), manifesting as a boggy uterus that requires immediate massage.

Mastitis

Infection of the breast tissue causing unilateral redness and flu-like symptoms; patients are encouraged to continue breastfeeding to prevent milk stasis.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

A condition in newborns exposed to drugs in utero, characterized by a high-pitched cry, tremors, and hypersensitivity to stimuli.

Kernicterus

Brain damage caused by bilirubin deposits, leading to deafness, motor delays, and intellectual disability.

Hypoglycemia in Neonates

A blood glucose level in the neonate of $<40\,mg/dL$, often seen in infants of diabetic mothers.

Panic Level Anxiety

The highest level of anxiety characterized by terror, dilated pupils, and dissociation; the nurse must remain with the patient and speak calmly.

Obsessions vs. Compulsions

Obsessions are recurring, intrusive thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce the anxiety caused by those thoughts.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy

An acute, reversible condition caused by thiamine depletion in alcoholics, triad includes confusion, ataxia, and abnormal eye movements.

CAUTION Mnemonic

7 warning signs of cancer: Change in bowel/bladder, A sore that won't heal, Unusual bleeding, Thickening/lump, Indigestion, Obvious mole change, Nagging cough.

Neutropenic Precautions

Infection control measures for patients with an Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) $<1000$, including a private room and no raw foods.

Brachytherapy Safety

Radiation safety principles of Time (30 min limit), Distance (6 feet), and Shielding (lead container/forceps).

Lymphedema Prevention

A nursing requirement after mastectomy to avoid BP, IVs, or blood draws on the affected arm.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Characterized by spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia) and pica; iron is best absorbed with Vitamin C on an empty stomach.

Pernicious Anemia

A Vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, uniquely presenting with neurological symptoms like paresthesia.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)

An oncologic emergency from rapid cell destruction causing hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.

TURP Syndrome

Dilutional hyponatremia caused by the absorption of irrigation fluid during prostate surgery, resulting in confusion and hypertension.

Murphy's Sign

Inspiratory arrest during RUQ palpation; a positive sign indicates cholecystitis.

Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the GI tract, featuring skip lesions and non-bloody diarrhea.

Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease limited to the colon and rectum, featuring continuous lesions and bloody diarrhea.

SAD Triad

Classic symptoms of Aortic Stenosis: Syncope, Angina, and Dyspnea on exertion.

Beck's Triad

Classic signs of cardiac tamponade: hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and Jugular Venous Distension (JVD).

Malignant Hyperthermia

A life-threatening intraoperative reaction to anesthesia causing muscle rigidity and rising temperature; treated with Dantrolene sodium.

Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

A retrospective process used after a sentinel event to identify the system-level factors that caused the error.

Acute Hemolytic Reaction

The most serious blood transfusion reaction involving ABO incompatibility, characterized by sudden fever, chills, and severe back/flank pain.