programme

get length of string

print(len())

string mutable or not

immutable

unless:

• using +=

• id() function

  The id() function returns the object's memory address

lexicographical order

ord()

use ASCII table

isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit()

1. Return True if string is alphanumeric.

2. Return True if string contains only letters.

3. Return True if string contains only digits.

isidentifier()

Checks whether a string would be a valid name for a variable

Returns true or false

islower(), isupper(), isspace()

1. Return True if string is in lowercase or changes word to lower

2. Return True if string is in uppercase or changes word to upper

3. Return True if string contains only white space.

endswith(s1), startswith(s1)

1. Return True if string ends with sub-string s1.

2. Return True if string starts with sub-string s1.

count(s1),find(s1),rfind(s1)

1. Return number of s1’s

2. Return lowest index from where string s1

3. Return highest index from where string s1

print(s.capitalize()) ,print(s.title()) ,print(s.replace("trix", "d")) 

1. cap the first letter

2. cap the first letter of both words

3. replace the given var

list

A list contains multiple items of any type. It is mutable and its contents can be manipulated. lists are dynamic items can be added or removed

list uses [brackets]

add items to list

• append() to add an item at end of the list

• insert() to insert a item at the specified index

delete item

• pop() to remove item (by position) from the list

• remove() to remove item (by content) from the list

• clear() to remove all items from the list

max(list), min(list), sum(list),del(list)

1. Returns the max value within the list

2. Return the minimum value within the list

3. Return the sum of all the items in the list

4. Deletes the list

index(item), count(item),insert(index, item)

1. Return the index of the first element whose value is equal to the item

2. counts number of values

3. Insert the item into the list at the specified index

sort(), reverse()

1. Sort the items in the list in ascending order.

2. Reverse the order of the items in the list

pop(), remove(item), clear()

1. remove item at the specified index

2. Remove the first item from the list

3. Remove all the contents in the list

copy list content

by

• slicing

• operator 1  to duplicate the full content

• copy()  to make a copy of the content

• A list() constructor is a built-in function which can be used to convert an iterable

tuple

A tuple contains multiple items of any type.it is immutable and Tuples are more efficient in terms of performance and memory usage since they are immutable

uses (bracket)

tuple methods

Tuples only support index() and count() methods.

how to tuple to list

tuple( listName )

reverse

list( tupleName )

dictionary

A dictionary stores a collection of data. Each item in a dictionary has two parts: a key and a value. Dictionaries are mutable and their contents are immutable.

uses {bracket}

when to uss [bracket] in dictionary

The square bracket [] and the key is used to retrieve value from a dictionary. It is also used to :

• update value in the dictionary

• add a new value to the dictionary

sorted()

use sorted() to create a sorted list of key

for key in sorted( dic.keys() ) :         #returns keys sorted in a list

   print( key , ":" , dic[ key ] )


Output:
Abe : Boss

Bob : Cook

Nat : Staff

Pete : Chef

list in dict

print( f"Jerome's Math mark : { examResult['Jerome'][1] } " )

dict in dict

print( f"Jerome's Math mark : { examResult['Jerome']['Math'] } " )

list in list

print( f"Jerome's Math mark : { examResult[2][2] } " )

while loop vs for loop

while It is a condition-controlled loop. The loop will keep executing until the condition becomes false.

for It is a count-controlled loop

break statement

The break statement ends the current loop and jumps to the statement immediately following the loop.

continue statement 

The continue statement ends the current iteration and jumps to the top of the loop and starts the next iteration.