Medications

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) INHIBITORS

- ACEPRIL

- "PRIL DRUGS"

- Vasodilation

- Antropene used for 3rd degree heart block but the best treatment is pacemaker since there's no coordination of atrium and venticles

- Side Effects: Rash & dry cough

- Examples:

- Benazepril

- Captopril

- Enalapril

- Lisinopril

Common side effects of antihypertension drugs

- Dizziness

- Light headedness

- Drowsiness•

- Nausea/vomiting

- Fainting• Sedation

- Orthostatic hypotension

- Loss of balance

BETA BLOCKER

- Bolol

- Relax blood vessels and heart muscles - Decrease contractility; Decrease heart

rate and blood pressure.

- Use RPE, not HR

- SE: prone to fatigue, bradycardia (antidote: atoprine to inc HR)

- longer warm up and cool down

- Examples:

- Atenolol, metoprolol, Propanolol, Nadolol, Penbutolol

NITROGLYCERIN

- dilate the coronary arteries INDICATIONS:

- Acute relief of angina pectoris attack - Prophylaxis against chronic angina attack

- Hypertension associated with surgery

-Heart failure associated with MI

- SE: Headache, Dizziness, Tachycardia, OH.

Apha Blockers

- ZosinA

- Dilate vessels to decrease BP

- SE: Reflex tachcardia & OH

Digitalis / Digoxin

- Inc contractility & Dec HR

-

Diuretics

- Examples: Furosemide / Lasix

- INCREASES EXCRETION OF WATER AND SODIUM FROM BODY by increasing urine output

- SE: electrolyte imb: hypokalemia & hyponatremia

-- NSAIDS exacerbates preexisting CHF

Digitalis Toxicity

- palpitations

- weakness

- symptomatic bradycardia

- confusion

Thrombolytics

- Converts plasminogen to plasmin, degrades fibrin present in clots.

- Dissolves clots and reestablishes blood flow

- Example:

- Altepase

- Side effects: bleeding and brain hemorrhage.

Indications: atrial fibrillation, DVT, pulmonary embolism, vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency, embolic CVA

Anticoagulants: INR 2-3s therapeutic range

Possible effects of antiplatet: increased risk of gastic ulcers and bleeding

Anticoagulants

- Used to reduce the risk of blood clots and prevent existing clots from getting bigger.

- Inhibition of synthesis and function of clotting factors

- Examples: Heparin and Warfarin

Antiplatelet Therapy

- Prevent platelets from sticking together

- Long-term, low-dose is used to decrease the risk of thrombosis and recurrent stroke

- Higher doses may be used in place of anticoagulants.

- e.g., acetylsalicylic acid [aspirin]; clopidogrel bisulfate [Plavix];

Possible adverse effect: gastic ulcer and bleeding

Antituberculin medicine

- Rifampacin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamid, Ethambutol or Streptomycin (RIPES)

Flucatisone (Flovent)

- Antiinflammatory

- Corticosteroids

LABA (Long acting beta2 agonist)

- Salmeterol (Serevent)

- Bronchodilation

short acting beta2 agonist

Albuterol (ventolin)

- Bronchodilation

mucolytics

- dornasa alfa

- thin secretions

Proton Pump Inhibitor

• Mechanism: Blocks acid pump and prevents stomach acid production

• inhibit acid formation, most potent

• (BEFORE MEAL)

• Most effective: Proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec, Aciphex, Prevacid, Nexium)

• Common SE:

  • Headache

  • Constipation or diarrhea

  • Abdominal pain

  • Nausea and vomiting

• Ex:

  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Omeprazole (Prilosec) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Rabeprazole (Aciphex) Pantoprazole (Protonix)

Histamine2-receptor blocker

• Mechanism: Reduces acid produced by the stomach

• Common SE:

  • Headache

  • Nausea

  • Constipation or diarrhea

  • Dizziness

  • Abdominal pain

• EX:

  • Cimetidine (Tagamet) Ranitidine (Zantac) Famotidine (Pepcid)

Antacid

• Mechanism: Neutralizes and reduces stomach acid

• Common SE:

  • Loss of appetite

  • Constipation or diarrhea

• Ex:

  • Calcium carbonate (Tums) Calcium carbonate-magnesium hydroxide (Mylanta, Rolaids) Magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)

Peptic Ulcer