GCSE OCR MEDIA STUDIES TERMINOLOGY

Genre

the way we categorise types of things

Hybrid

A mix of 2 or more types, eg rom-com

Conventions

The features we expect to always see within a genre, eg: Sci-fi = space ships, space, robots, time travel etc

Media Text

this is what we call a media product eg: Black Panther; Call of Duty; Beyonce; Vibe Magazine.

Moving image production

a media text / product that involves moving images eg, TV show, film, music video

STRAUSS

Was a media theorist that believed in binary Oppositions, eg: hot vs cold, good vs evil.

TODOROV

Was a media theorist who believed in EQUILIBRIUM / DISEQUILIBRIUM / NEW EQUILIBRIUM​ narrative structure

Narrative

Storyline

Denotation

exactly what we can see., eg: A red rose

Connotation

The deeper meaning behind what we can see., eg A red rose = Love, romance, valentines day,​

blood, warning

Representation

The way a social group is presented, eg: Men, black women, teachers, muslim men etc

Stereotype

Generalised views about a social group. - is the stereotype you are thinking of CHALLENGED or SUPPORTED?

Mediation

The way the news is presented to the ​

world to persuade people's views.​

Mise-en-scene (M.E.S)

"Everything in the Scene" - clothing; hair & makeup; body language; facial expression; colour & lighting; positioning of props and characters; props; location / setting

diegetic sound or music

sound that is part of the m.e.s and narrative

non-diegetic sound or music.

Pre-recorded music or sound that is added to the text during the audio editing process / post-production.​

Uses & Gratifications Theory (U&G Theory)

This theory was created by two media theorists called "Blumler & Katz". They believed that audiences were ACTIVE because they USED media texts for the GRATIFICATION (satisfaction) in x4 different ways: 1: Entertainment/Escapism; 2. Personal identity (can look up to figures in media); 3: Social Interaction; 4. News & Information

Gratification

Satisfaction

Media Language in Moving Image Productions

m.e.s, camera angles, shots & movment, transitions, sound (diegetic / non-diegetic)

Cut

A cut is where one shot is instantly replaced with another usually from a different camera angle.

Cutting on Action:

Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. A example is a man walking up to a door and reaching for the knob.

Jump Cut:

A jump cut is an editing technique that cuts between two sequential shots. In these shots, the camera position doesn't change (or only changes a small amount), but the subjects move, giving the appearance of jumping around frame. Jump cuts give the effect of moving forward through time.

Cross Cut:

Cutting from one location to another location

Fade in / Fade Out:

A fade is when the scene gradually turns to a single color — usually black or white — or when a scene gradually appears on screen. Fade-ins occur at the beginning of a film or scene, while fade-outs are at the end.

Dissolve

A dissolve, is a gradual transition from one image to another, with the first image beginning to disappear as the second image gradually appears.

bravado

a bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress or intimidate

Public service broadcaster​ (PSB)

Broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests., eg, the BBC is a PSB because they serve the public and do not make profit through commercials/adverts. They make their profit through the TV licence.

Commercial TV broadcasters

ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5 - all have adverts so make commercial profit. However, they still all have a Public Service Responsibility

Public Service Responsibility

All UK TV channels / broadcasters have a public responsibility to broadcast programming approved by OFCOM

OFCOM (Office of Communications)

The regulator for TV and Radio

Regulator

A company that creates the rules and regulations for a particular Media platform/industry, eg: OFCOM for TV and Radio in the UK

BBFC (British Board of Film Classification)

The regulator for Film in the UK

Remit / Ethos

The beliefs of a company, eg: Chobham = P.R.O.U.D

BBC Radio 1 Remit

to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech.​

Distribution

refers to all the strategies used in the release, marketing and promotion of a media product, eg: High School Musical = DVD​

Film​

TV​

Stage musical​

Books​

Video Games​

Comics​

Reality Series​

Live Shows​

Circulation

how many copies of a particular publication are distributed, including subscriptions. ​

EG: ​

Number of streams​

Number of box office tickets sold​

DVDs bought​

Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC)​

The company in the UK that provides, Circulation audits / figures

Marketing

Advertising / promotion​

(trailers, adverts (print/ moving image/audio)​

TV License

This is a licence that every TV owner in the UK must have/pay for. It funds the BBC programming across all of their platforms (TV, Radio) and costs £159 a year. It is usually paid monthly.

BBC Worldwide

In order to keep the price of the TV licence low and encourage consumers to obtain a licence / pay for the BBC, the BBC does make some commercial money through other ventures, such as BBC Worldwide which provides the BBC with commercial profit.

Conglomerate

a combination of multiple business entities operating in a range of different industries under one group, usually involving a parent company / Conglomerate and many subsidiaries. Conglomerates are often large and multinational.​ eg: Time Warner and Disney. They usually have vertical and horizontal integration.

Subsidiary

a company that belongs to another company, which is usually referred to as the parent company / Conglomerate. The parent holds a controlling interest in the subsidiary company, meaning it has or controls more than half of its products.​ eg: Disney (conglomerate), Disney XD (subsidiary)

Vertical Integration​

is when for example, Disney has to produce, market, distribute, and create merchandise for their products. An example of this can be seen in the High School Musical series. Disney produced it in their studios, marketed it on Disney Channel and ABC News by interviewing the cast.​ (Disney were able to do everything themself)

Horizontal Integration​

is when Disney develops material that is not directed toward their target market. This allows Disney to expand business and create a new target market giving them more profit. For example, Marvel, Lucas Films, Pixar.​

PROMOTION

The way that a media product like The Lego Movie is marketed and sold to it's audience. Creates more profit. (advertising)​

FRANCHISE

A collection of media products eg, The Lego Movie Film, The Lego Movie Video Game, The Lego Movie posters, The Lego Movie trailer, The Lego Movie toys, clothes etc. Star Wars is the most successful franchise so far!​

GRA (Games Rating Authority) / VSC​ (Video Standards Council)

The Games Rating Authority / Video Standards Council for video game regulation in the UK. Creates more promotion / advertising of the franchise, creates profit​

ASA (Advertising Standards Authority)​

The regulators for adverts in the UK.

TT Games

The producer of TLMVG

Warner Bros

The producer of TLM

social/historical/cultural contexts

influence of society/history/culture on individuals, eg: The Avengers = 60s: feminism; technological development; war; spies/imposters

Cuffs = contemporary/modern times: Police relationships with people; homosexuality; single parenting; gender equality; race equality; terminal illness; infidelity

celebrity endorsement

use of famous people to promote a product, eg: Will Ferrell & Chris Pratt in TLM

PSB rules by OFCOM (Public Service Broadcasters)

High quality content​

Innovative and challenging content​

Stimulating knowledge and learning​

Informing the public​

Original British-made programming​

Reflecting the UK's cultural identity​

Representing diversity and alternative viewpoints​

Distinctive programmes

BBC / ITV / Channel 4 / Channel 5

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)

Remit = Inform, educate, entertain