court cases

Marbury v Madison

Established judicial review

McCulloch v Maryland (A)

Confirmed implied powers under the necessary and proper clause

McCulloch v Maryland (B)

Established federal supremacy over conflicting state actions

Schenck v US

Speech creating a clear and present danger is not protected

Brown v board of education

School segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause

Engel v Vitale

School sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause

Baker v Carr (A)

Federal courts may decide redistricting cases

Baker v Carr (B)

Allowed challenges to unequal legislative districts

Gideon v Wainwright

States must provide attorneys to indigent felony defendants

Tinker v Des Moines

Students have symbolic speech rights if not substantially disruptive

New York Times Co v US

Established strong protection against prior restraint of the press

Wisconsin v Yoder

Compulsory schooling past eighth grade violated Amish free exercise

Shaw v Reno

Race cannot be the sole factor in drawing voting districts

US v Lopez

Limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause

McDonald v Chicago

Applied the Second Amendment right to the states

Citizens United v FEC

Protected independent political spending by corporations and unions

Griswold v Connecticut

Recognized a constitutional right to privacy

Roe v Wade

Extended the constitutional privacy right to abortion

Dobbs v Jackson women’s health organization

Overturned Roe and returned abortion policy to legislatures.