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eating disorders
extreme and damaging eating behaviors that can lead to sickness and even death
anorexia nervosa
second highest death rate of any mental illness; an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation leading to extreme weight loss
without appetite
What does anorexia mean?
of nervous origin
What does nervosa mean?
female
Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa and bulimia are (male, female).
malnutrition
condition in which the body doesn't get the nutrients it needs to grow and function properly
bulimia
a condition in which people repeatedly eat large amounts of food and then try to get rid of the food they have eaten
laxatives
make food speed through the digestive system with little time to release nutrients; sometimes used by bulimic people
stomach acids from vomiting can damage teeth and injure the mouth and throat, starvation can damage the heart, overeating can cause the stomach to enlarge and vomiting can rupture it, laxative abuse can damage the kidneys, vomiting and abusing laxatives can lead to dehydration and malnutrition
What are the 5 negative effects of bulimia?
inherited tendency towards it, overeating, lack of physical activity, and body metabolism
What are 4 factors that contribute to obesity?
low self-esteem, social isolation, increase in weight, overeating, inactivity, and shame and guilt
Which of these are all listed side effects of obesity?
• low self-esteem
• social isolation
• increased tendency towards breast cancer
• increase in weight
• overeating
• inactivity
• shame and guilt
• boredom
Overeaters Anonymous
program that can help people with eating disorders
convince the person to get help, tell an adult, get professional help, encourage the person to join a support group, and recommend a follow-up
What are the 5 steps in order of helping someone with an eating disorder?
weight control
reaching the weight that is best for you and then staying at that weight
desired weight
the weight that is best for you
sex, height, and body frame
What 3 things determine your desired weight?
overweight
weighing more than the desired weight for your sex, height, and frame size
obesity
having too much body fat
20
Obese people weigh at least ______ percent more than their desired weight.
the body frame has to bear excess weight that puts stress on bones and muscles, the heart has to work harder to make blood circulate, and excess weight makes it harder to exercise, continuing weight gain
What are 3 main negative effects of excess weight?
calorie
a unit of heat that is the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius; used to measure the energy available in different foods
eat; grow; exercise
When you ______, you take in calories. When you _________ or _____________, you burn up calories.
1,600-2,500
How many calories does the average person need daily?
nutrient density
containing large amounts of nutrients relative to the number of calories they provide
chicken
Name an example of a nutrient-dense food in the meat group.
cheese
Name an example of a nutrient-dense food in the milk group.
rice
Name an example of a nutrient-dense food in the grains group.
helps your heart and lungs work better, helps tones your muscles, and increases the rate at which your body changes nutrients into energy, making it easier for you to control your weight
What are 3 benefits of exercising?
exercising more
What is the fastest way to burn up calories?
1; 2
You should lose ______ to _____ pounds of weight per week if you want to diet.
fasting
not eating for a long period of time
Food Guide Pyramid
a guide to daily food choices from five groups of healthful foods that shows how much and what kind of gfoods you should eat
pay attention to serving sizes, keep meats lean, read dairy product labels, use whole-grain or enriched grain products, cook it right, consider nutritive values, and consume sufficient complete proteins
What are the 7 things you should do to get the most benefit from using the Food Guide Pyramid?
skin; fat
Before cooking, remove ________ from poultry and all visible _______ from meat.
broiled
Which food—broiled or fried—has less fat?
steamed
Which vegetables—steamed or cooked in water—retain more vitamins?
Vegetable Group
What group of the food guide pyramid is on the third row to the left?
Bread, Cereal, Rice, and Pasta Group
What group of the food guide pyramid is at the base?
Fruit Group
What group of the food guide pyramid is on the third row to the right?
Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese Group
What group of the food guide pyramid is on the second row to the left?
Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dried Beans, Eggs, and Nuts Group
What group of the food guide pyramid is on the second row to the right?
Fats, Oils, and Sweets
What group of the food guide pyramid is on the very top?
yogurt
Name one snack for the milk, yogurt, and cheese group (as provided in the book).
salad
Name one snack for the vegetable group (as provided in the book).
peanut butter
Name one snack for the meat, poultry, fish, dried beans, eggs, and nuts group (as provided in the book).
raisins
Name one snack for the fruit group (as provided in the book).
rice cakes
Name one snack for the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group (as provided in the book).
(dietary) fiber
the part of fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans that your body cannot digest; helps to carry other food particles through your digestive system
colon
A diet high in fiber can help lower your risk of ___________ cancer.
25-30 grams
About how much fiber do you need every day?
sugar
can causes tooth decay, added pounds, and many health issues if consumed in great amounts
100
The average American eats about ___________ pounds of sugar a year.
prepared
Almost three-fourths of the sugar Americans eat is hidden in _________________ foods.
9; 7
A can of cola contains ________ teaspoons of sugar, but yogurt with sweetened fruit contains ___________ teaspoons of sugar.
8; 3.5
Sweetened cereal contains ________ teaspoons of sugar, but an ice cream cone contains ___________ teaspoons of sugar.
30
Fat in your diet should be limited to _______ percent or less of your total calories each day.
fat
Half the calories of an average American diet come from ______________.
cholesterol
a fatty, wax-like substance that helps your body make other substances that it needs; protects neve fibers
serum cholesterol
cholesterol produced in the body and which circulates in the blood
dietary cholesterol
cholesterod which comes from food
LDL
the bad form of cholesterol because it tends to leave deposits on the walls of the blood vessels; "lousy"
HDL
the good form of cholesterol because it carries excess cholesterol to the liver for excretion; "healthy"
atherosclerosis
disease in which the artery walls thicken as a result of fatty build-ups
heart; disease
Too much cholesterol in you diet can increase your risk of ______________ ______________.
3 to 8 grams
You should eat less than _____________ sodium everyday.
double; triple
Most Americans eat ___________ or ___________ the amount of sodium they need.
processed
Most sodium in our diets comes from _____________ foods.
150 mg
How much sodium does one slice of bread have?
caffeine
most widely used drug in the world; a chemical found in some plants that can make your heart beat faster; can perk you up but can make you tense if you consume too much
100 mg
How much caffeine is in one cup of coffee?
40 mg
How much caffeine is in one cup of tea?
24 mg
How much caffeine is in one cup of cola?
nutrition
eating foods the body needs to grow, develop, and work properly
teenage
During your ____________ years, you grow faster than you grow at any other time after early childhood.
weight loss
What do most people think of when they hear the word diet?
diet
the food and drink that we regularly choose to consume
geography, family, cultural background, convenience, cost, advertising, friends, and personal taste
What are the 8 factors that influence your diet?
local products
What influences your diet geographically?
traditions
What influences your diet according to the type of family you have?
ethnic foods
What influences your diet according to your cultural background?
time available for food selection and preparation
What influences your diet according to convenience?
family budget affects choices
What influences your diet according to cost?
creating demand for products
What influences your diet according to advertising?
peer pressure
What influences your diet according to friends?
preference for some foods and dislike for others
What influences your diet according to personal taste?
nutrients
substances in foods that your body needs
50
About how many nutrients have scientists found?
carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fats, and water
What are the 6 types of nutrients?
carbohydrates
the starches and sugars that provide the body with most of its energy
simple carbohydrates
carbohydrates found in fruit, sugar, and milk; broken down by the body to be used as energy in sugar
complex carbohydrates
carbohydrates found in starchy foods like bread and starchy vegetables and provide fiber to aid digestion; long chains of sugar molecules that turn into stored energy in starches
55; complex
Health experts generally recommend that you get about ________ percent of the calories you eat from carbohydrates mainly from (simple, complex) carbohydrates.
