science 9

eating disorders

extreme and damaging eating behaviors that can lead to sickness and even death

anorexia nervosa

second highest death rate of any mental illness; an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation leading to extreme weight loss

without appetite

What does anorexia mean?

of nervous origin

What does nervosa mean?

female

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa and bulimia are (male, female).

malnutrition

condition in which the body doesn't get the nutrients it needs to grow and function properly

bulimia

a condition in which people repeatedly eat large amounts of food and then try to get rid of the food they have eaten

laxatives

make food speed through the digestive system with little time to release nutrients; sometimes used by bulimic people

stomach acids from vomiting can damage teeth and injure the mouth and throat, starvation can damage the heart, overeating can cause the stomach to enlarge and vomiting can rupture it, laxative abuse can damage the kidneys, vomiting and abusing laxatives can lead to dehydration and malnutrition

What are the 5 negative effects of bulimia?

inherited tendency towards it, overeating, lack of physical activity, and body metabolism

What are 4 factors that contribute to obesity?

low self-esteem, social isolation, increase in weight, overeating, inactivity, and shame and guilt

Which of these are all listed side effects of obesity?

• low self-esteem

• social isolation

• increased tendency towards breast cancer

• increase in weight

• overeating

• inactivity

• shame and guilt

• boredom

Overeaters Anonymous

program that can help people with eating disorders

convince the person to get help, tell an adult, get professional help, encourage the person to join a support group, and recommend a follow-up

What are the 5 steps in order of helping someone with an eating disorder?

weight control

reaching the weight that is best for you and then staying at that weight

desired weight

the weight that is best for you

sex, height, and body frame

What 3 things determine your desired weight?

overweight

weighing more than the desired weight for your sex, height, and frame size

obesity

having too much body fat

20

Obese people weigh at least ______ percent more than their desired weight.

the body frame has to bear excess weight that puts stress on bones and muscles, the heart has to work harder to make blood circulate, and excess weight makes it harder to exercise, continuing weight gain

What are 3 main negative effects of excess weight?

calorie

a unit of heat that is the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius; used to measure the energy available in different foods

eat; grow; exercise

When you ______, you take in calories. When you _________ or _____________, you burn up calories.

1,600-2,500

How many calories does the average person need daily?

nutrient density

containing large amounts of nutrients relative to the number of calories they provide

chicken

Name an example of a nutrient-dense food in the meat group.

cheese

Name an example of a nutrient-dense food in the milk group.

rice

Name an example of a nutrient-dense food in the grains group.

helps your heart and lungs work better, helps tones your muscles, and increases the rate at which your body changes nutrients into energy, making it easier for you to control your weight

What are 3 benefits of exercising?

exercising more

What is the fastest way to burn up calories?

1; 2

You should lose ______ to _____ pounds of weight per week if you want to diet.

fasting

not eating for a long period of time

Food Guide Pyramid

a guide to daily food choices from five groups of healthful foods that shows how much and what kind of gfoods you should eat

pay attention to serving sizes, keep meats lean, read dairy product labels, use whole-grain or enriched grain products, cook it right, consider nutritive values, and consume sufficient complete proteins

What are the 7 things you should do to get the most benefit from using the Food Guide Pyramid?

skin; fat

Before cooking, remove ________ from poultry and all visible _______ from meat.

broiled

Which food—broiled or fried—has less fat?

steamed

Which vegetables—steamed or cooked in water—retain more vitamins?

Vegetable Group

What group of the food guide pyramid is on the third row to the left?

Bread, Cereal, Rice, and Pasta Group

What group of the food guide pyramid is at the base?

Fruit Group

What group of the food guide pyramid is on the third row to the right?

Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese Group

What group of the food guide pyramid is on the second row to the left?

Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dried Beans, Eggs, and Nuts Group

What group of the food guide pyramid is on the second row to the right?

Fats, Oils, and Sweets

What group of the food guide pyramid is on the very top?

yogurt

Name one snack for the milk, yogurt, and cheese group (as provided in the book).

salad

Name one snack for the vegetable group (as provided in the book).

peanut butter

Name one snack for the meat, poultry, fish, dried beans, eggs, and nuts group (as provided in the book).

raisins

Name one snack for the fruit group (as provided in the book).

rice cakes

Name one snack for the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group (as provided in the book).

(dietary) fiber

the part of fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans that your body cannot digest; helps to carry other food particles through your digestive system

colon

A diet high in fiber can help lower your risk of ___________ cancer.

25-30 grams

About how much fiber do you need every day?

sugar

can causes tooth decay, added pounds, and many health issues if consumed in great amounts

100

The average American eats about ___________ pounds of sugar a year.

prepared

Almost three-fourths of the sugar Americans eat is hidden in _________________ foods.

9; 7

A can of cola contains ________ teaspoons of sugar, but yogurt with sweetened fruit contains ___________ teaspoons of sugar.

8; 3.5

Sweetened cereal contains ________ teaspoons of sugar, but an ice cream cone contains ___________ teaspoons of sugar.

30

Fat in your diet should be limited to _______ percent or less of your total calories each day.

fat

Half the calories of an average American diet come from ______________.

cholesterol

a fatty, wax-like substance that helps your body make other substances that it needs; protects neve fibers

serum cholesterol

cholesterol produced in the body and which circulates in the blood

dietary cholesterol

cholesterod which comes from food

LDL

the bad form of cholesterol because it tends to leave deposits on the walls of the blood vessels; "lousy"

HDL

the good form of cholesterol because it carries excess cholesterol to the liver for excretion; "healthy"

atherosclerosis

disease in which the artery walls thicken as a result of fatty build-ups

heart; disease

Too much cholesterol in you diet can increase your risk of ______________ ______________.

3 to 8 grams

You should eat less than _____________ sodium everyday.

double; triple

Most Americans eat ___________ or ___________ the amount of sodium they need.

processed

Most sodium in our diets comes from _____________ foods.

150 mg

How much sodium does one slice of bread have?

caffeine

most widely used drug in the world; a chemical found in some plants that can make your heart beat faster; can perk you up but can make you tense if you consume too much

100 mg

How much caffeine is in one cup of coffee?

40 mg

How much caffeine is in one cup of tea?

24 mg

How much caffeine is in one cup of cola?

nutrition

eating foods the body needs to grow, develop, and work properly

teenage

During your ____________ years, you grow faster than you grow at any other time after early childhood.

weight loss

What do most people think of when they hear the word diet?

diet

the food and drink that we regularly choose to consume

geography, family, cultural background, convenience, cost, advertising, friends, and personal taste

What are the 8 factors that influence your diet?

local products

What influences your diet geographically?

traditions

What influences your diet according to the type of family you have?

ethnic foods

What influences your diet according to your cultural background?

time available for food selection and preparation

What influences your diet according to convenience?

family budget affects choices

What influences your diet according to cost?

creating demand for products

What influences your diet according to advertising?

peer pressure

What influences your diet according to friends?

preference for some foods and dislike for others

What influences your diet according to personal taste?

nutrients

substances in foods that your body needs

50

About how many nutrients have scientists found?

carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fats, and water

What are the 6 types of nutrients?

carbohydrates

the starches and sugars that provide the body with most of its energy

simple carbohydrates

carbohydrates found in fruit, sugar, and milk; broken down by the body to be used as energy in sugar

complex carbohydrates

carbohydrates found in starchy foods like bread and starchy vegetables and provide fiber to aid digestion; long chains of sugar molecules that turn into stored energy in starches

55; complex

Health experts generally recommend that you get about ________ percent of the calories you eat from carbohydrates mainly from (simple, complex) carbohydrates.