Content and contextual analysis of selected primary sources

The following questions may be helpful to you as you begin to analyze the sources

The following questions may be helpful to you as you begin to analyze the sources

1. Look at the physical nature of your source. This is especially important and powerful when dealing with a source such as an actual old letter instead of a transcribed and published version of the same letter. What are you able to learn from the source form? Was it written in elegant handwriting on fancy paper or scrap-paper in pencil?

2. What’s that saying to you? Think of the source’s purpose. What was the message or argument from the author? What did he/she tries to do? Is the message explicit, or are the messages implicit?

3. How is the author trying to convey the message? Which methods is he/she doing?

4. What are you familiar with the author? Religion, age, region, political beliefs, race, sex, class, occupation? Is there any of these? How do I do it?

5. Who was the intended audience? Was this source intended for the eyes of one person or the audience? How does the source affect that?

6. What can you be told by a careful reding of the text or even by an object? How is language working? What are the symbols or metaphors that are important? What can the selection of words of the authors tells you?

1. Content

2. Citation

3. Communication

4. Context

5. Connections

6. Conclusions

6C’s

1. Date

2. Localization

3. Authorship

4. Analysis

5. Integrity

6. Credibility

Garraghan (1950) identified six points of inquiries to evaluate the authenticity of a primary source

1. The genealogy of the document

2. The genesis of the document

3. The originality of the document

4. The interpretation of the document

5. The authorial authority of the document

6. The competence of the observer

7. The trustworthiness of the observer

They also evaluate in terms of internal criteria which include seven factors identified Howell and Prevenier (2001)

Cavite mutiny

The root cause of the commotion in Cavite in the year 1872.

GOMBURZA (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora)

Tatlong Paring Martir na nagarote

Propaganda Movement

Payapa na reporma; idaan sa hindi madugong labanan.

La Solidaridad

Pahayagan ng Propaganda Movement

Laong Laan

Jose Rizal

Plaridel

Marcelo H. del Pilar

Diego Laura

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Naning/ Kalipulako/ Tigbalang

Mariano Ponce

Taga ilog

General Antonio Luna

Jose Maria Panganiban

Jomapa

Pedro Paterno Alejandrino Prof. Bluementrit Dr. Morietta

Mga nagsulat pa sa La Solidaridad

1. Propaganda Movement

2. Asosiacion Hispano-Filipino

3. La Liga Filipina

4. Katipunan

Mga nangyari bago ang Kartilya ng Katipunan

La Liga Filipina

Called a civic association

Jose Ma. Basa

He created the civil code of La Liga Filipina

July 3, 1892

La Liga Filipina created in Ilaya St. Tondo, Manila

Ambrosio Mabini Franco

Made the Los Compromisarios

Los Compromisarios

contribute as an aid to Propaganda movement in Spain

Andres Bonifacio

• Man of Action

• have radical views

• did not join Los Compromisarios

• did not believe that the Philippines' independence in peaceful request

• Violent revolution

Pio Valanzuela

He persuaded Dr. Jose Rizal to form an alliance with Bonifacio on the day of his execution.

July 7, 1892

When was Katipunan made?

KKK or Katipunan

Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

Katipunan

Founded by Filipino patriots Deodato Arellano, Andrés Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, José Dizon, and Teodoro Plata, the _________ was a secret organization until it was discovered in 1896. Founded in No. 72 Azcarraga St. Tondo, Manila.

• a revolutionary society

• Unite Filipinos

• Fight for Independence

Purpose of Katipunan

Triangle System

Recruitment style wherein one person recruits 2 more and the two also recruit two other people each.

• Sikretong Rito sa Misonarya

3 level of Membership

1. Katipun

2. Kawal

3. Bayani

Katipun

first grade ( black mask with white ribbon and letters) Password: Anak ng Bayan

Kawal

green mask and green sash; medalya na may titik "ka" Passwword: Gomburza

Bayani

Red mask Password: Rizal (Honorary President of Katipunan)

25 female members

How many female members does Katipunan have according to Zaide?

Role of female members in Katipuna

• Magbantay ng sikretong papel, dokumento ng katipunan

• secret meeting sila ay nasa salas nagkakasiyahan para madistract yung mga gobyerno

• Tumutulong sa recruitment

Kalayaan

Pahayagan ng Katipunan

Kartilya ng Katipunan

Role model of Filipinos who wants to join the Katipunan. Written by Emilio Jacinto

• batas at prinsipyo ng katipunan

• gabay ng bagong miyembro -1st edition by Bonifacio and Jacinto

• has introductory part that is long

• contains seven pages

1. purpose-driven life

2. not be selfish

3. kindness

4. Equality

5. Honor

6. Being a man of word

7. Importance of time

8. Fighting for what is right

9. Trust and confidentiality

10. Being a leader

11. Women deserve respect

12. Every action has its consequences

13. Right character and good value

14. Desire of Emilio Aguinaldo: Nation's hopefulness

Fourteen rules of Kartilya ng Katipunan

24 years old

Emilio Jacinto died because of Malaria

March 22, 1869

Emilio Aguinaldo was born

December 15, 1875

Emilio Jacinto was born

"Pingkian", "Dimasilaw", "Ka Ilyong"

Emilio Jacinto

Emilio Jacinto

• Tagasalita at tagahawak ng kaperahan ng grupo

• Wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan

• 19 years old when he joined KKK

• At 21 years old he became a general rank

Decalogo ng Katipunan

• Written by Bonifacio but was not published

• Nailathala noong 1892

Dulot ng Kartilya ng Katipunan

• Pagtuklas sa katipunan ( Kapatirang espiritwal)

  • kilala ba natin ang kabuuang kadakilaan ng katipunan

1st cry of Philippine Independence

Mahal na araw, 1895

• Bonifacio with katipunero climb the Mountain of Montalban in Rizal.

April 10, 1895

Pinasok ng mga katipunero ang kweba ni Bernardo Carpio (Pamitinan Cave)

Aurelio Tolentino

Kumuha ng charcoal at sinulat sa kweba ang "Viva La Independencia Filipina"

Middle of 1896

Preparation sa war to declare independence

Father Mariano Gil

The Parish priest of Tondo who heard about KKK and tell it to the authority

August 19, 1896

Katipunan was discovered by a Spanish friar, which resulted in the start of the Philippine Revolution.

August 23, 1896

Cry of Pugad Lawin

• pagpunit ng sedula

August 30, 1896

Battle of San Juan (Pinaglabanan)

• digmaan nina Bonifacio

• Hindi trained ang katipunero

• Unang narealize ang kahinaan ni Bonifacio bilang isang leader

Magdiwang

Bonifacio's team; monarchial

Magdalo

Aguinaldo's team; republic

March 22, 1897

The election of the new government in Katipunan was held in Tejeros Convention, San Francisco Malabon/ General Trias, Rizal. In the house of Recollects at 2 pm.

Naic, Cavite

Death of Bonifacio Brothers ( Andres at Procorpio Bonifacio) The trial is held here.

Pedro Giron

inutusan daw ni Bonifacio na patayin si Aguinaldo

Pico de Loro

lugar kung saan gustong ipadala ni Aguinaldo ang magkapatid na Bonifacio

May 10, 1897

Pinatay Bonifacio Brothers

Mga gunita ng Himagsikan

Aguinaldo's memoir

1896-1897

Timeline ng mga nangyari sa Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan

1928-1946

Year na ginawa ang Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan

Battle of Binakayan- Dalahican

was a simultaneous battle during the Philippine Revolution that was fought on November 9–11, 1896 that led to a decisive Filipino victory.

Attack of cazadores in Timalan

Part of Mga gunita ng Himagsikan

1899-1901

3 years term of Aguinaldo

Balanghai

boat (sail boat), dito nagmula ang konsepto ng barangay

Datu/Dato

ruler/ namumuno sa barangay

Dato

Customs of the Tagalogs

Datu

lecture on Early Ancestors

Barangay

Binubuo ng 30 - 100 pamilya

Malalaking barangay (2000 populasyon)

Sugbu (Cebu) Maynilad (Manila) Bigan (Vigan) Maktan (Mactan)

Bahay

yari sa kawayan/kahoy bubong - palm leaves (nipa palm leaves) hagdan (labas) - inaalis tuwing gabi at kapag aalis silong - nilalagyan ng panggatong, palay at hayop (manok, aso, o pusa)

silong

nilalagyan ng panggatong, palay at hayop (manok, aso, o pusa)

kanin

staple food noong Early Ancestors

palayok at kawayan

gamit sa pagsasaing

dahon ng saging

plato ng early ancestors

bao

ininuman (baso) ng early ancestors

huge bamboo tubes/tapayan (banga)

water storage ng early ancestors

Pagkain at Inumin

• kanin- staple food palayok at kawayan - gamit sa pagsasaing

• gamit ang kamay sa pagkain

• dahon ng saging - plato

• bao -ininuman (baso)

• huge bamboo tubes/tapayan (banga) - water storage

Tattoo

hayop, bulaklak, at geometric figures para mapaganda ang katawan para maipakita sa madla kung ilang digmaan na ang nasamahan (war records)

Cleanliness and Neatness

During sunsent - oras ng paliligo Gogo - shampoo

Anak

nabibigyan ng disiplina, magbigay respeto sa nakakatanda, mahalin ang magulang at sumunod sa utos ng Datu/barangay

Tatay

• head of the family

• ang mga salita ay batas

Nanay

housekeeper maaaring magpangalan sa mga anak

Aliping namamahay

• May sariling bahay at ari-arian

• hindi pwedeng ipagbili ng Datu

• Hindi na kailangan magpaalam sa Datu kung mag aasawa

Guiguilir (Guiguilid)

• walang ari-arian

• nakatira sa bahay ng pinagsisilbihan

• pwedeng ipagbili

• kinakailangan ng permiso ng Datu kung mag aasawa

Bigaykaya/dowry

kapalit sa kamay ng mapapangasawa

divorce

loss of affection adultery (wife) cruelty insanity childlessness

Alyansa

dalwang barangay Sandugo/Sanduguan- blood compact

Umalohokan

taga-announce ng batas sa isang barangay

Bathala

creator (Supreme God)

Idianale

Goddess of agriculture

Lakampati

God of harvest (Tagalog)

Kolyog

God of earthquakes (Ifugao)

Maliari

God of power and strength (Zambal)

Dal' lang

Goddess of beauty (Ilocano)

Kidul

God of thunder (Kalingga)

Sidapa

God of death (Visayan)

Poko

God of sea (Tagbanua)

early spirits

anito (Tagalog) diwata (Visayan)