chapter 2 individualism & collectivism

What are the two general types of human societies discussed?

Individualist and Collectivist.

In individualism, which values are prioritized?

Freedom and independence.

What does collectivism emphasize as an important value?

Group harmony and strong loyalty to ingroups.

How is hedonism viewed in individualistic cultures?

As doing things to please or fulfill oneself.

In collectivist cultures, opinions of which group are very important?

Opinions of ingroup members.

What is the basis of social exchange in individualistic societies?

'I do for you, you do for me'.

What principle guides social exchange in collectivist societies?

A duty to help ingroup members.

How do individualistic cultures typically handle conflict?

They bring conflict out publicly, for example, through confrontation or lawsuits.

How are conflicts managed in collectivist cultures?

Conflict is not brought out into the open.

What internal feeling is associated with individualistic social regulation?

Guilt for not living up to one’s own values.

What external feeling is associated with collectivist social regulation?

Shame for not living up to the values of ingroups.

What is a positive correlation of individualism regarding economic development?

Higher GDP and personal achievement.

What are some negative outcomes associated with individualism?

High rates of social problems, loneliness, and alienation.

What positive outcomes are linked to collectivism?

Lower rates of crime, drug/alcohol abuse, and suicide.

What is a negative aspect of collectivism?

Lower GDP and dissatisfaction with many duties to ingroups.