Children Development

Growth

is biological and refers to measurable factors such as height, weight and age.

Development

is a maturing process over time and involves emotional, social and intellectual progress of young children through stages called milestones.

Nature

can be viewed as the hereditary or genetic background a child has. Genetic from mother or father influence their temperament, behaviour and development.

Nurture

is environmental factors that influence development. Diet of the child, environment raised in, education, carers, religion and cultural influences.

Cephalocaudal

growth and development that occurs from the head down. Development starts at the top and works its way down. Baby moves neck muscles first, then upper body, then upper legs and the feet.

Proximodistal

development that occurs from the core of the body in an outward direction, called proximodistal direction. Foetus spine develops first, then rest of body and lastly fingers and toes.

5 basic principles of development

1) Similar
2) Highly individualised
3) Builds on earlier learning
4) Different areas are inter-related
5) Development is continuous throughout life

Erikson's Emotional Development Stages

0-1 Trust vs Mistrust
1-2 Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
3-4 Initiative vs Guilt
5-12 Industry vs Inferiority
13-18 Identity vs Role Diffusion

Symptoms of a well emotionally adjusted toddler

1) Seeks approval and praise from parents
2) Turn to parents for comfort and help
3) Tells parents about day and significant events
4) Accepts limits and discipline without resistance

Physical Development

4: Throw and catch, dress themselves
5: Stand and balance on tip toes, pour a drink into a glass
6: Ride a bike, jump rope, write entire words, cut and paste
6+: loose teeth, learn good habits and learn to help themselves