Neuro Week 4 - everything except lobes

Sulci (definition + 4 main ones)

boundaries between hemispheres and lobes, groove like depressions

• longitudinal fissure - separates right and left hem

• central sulcus - separates frontal and parietal lobes

• lateral sulcus/sylvian fissure: anterior separates frontal and temporal, posterior separates parietal and temporal

• Parieto-occipital - separates parietal and occipital lobes

Gyri (definition and 5 main ones)

elevations and ridges on the surface of the cerebrum

• Precentral gyrus/primary motor cortex

• Postcentral gyrus/ primary somatosensory cortex

• Superior temporal gyrus

• Angular gyrus - posterior to supramarginal gyrus

• Supramarginal gyrus - sits at the end of the sylvian fissure

Insural lobe

• located within the fold of the lateral sulcus - if u pull it apart it would be under there

• integration hub- takes info from a lot of diff areas and combines

• heavy connections to cortical and subcortical regions serving sensory, emotional, motivational, and cognitive functions

• helps connect senses to emotions

Brodmann’s areas

Microscopic brain map numbered based on shapes, types, and functions of neurons in that area (cytoarchitecture) 

Brocas Area

involved in production of spoken language

Wernicke’s Area

Involved in comprehension of spoken and written language

Aphasia

• acquired language disorder caused by brain damage or disease

• Production (speaking, reading) and Comprehension (auditory, writing) are affected

• anomia - difficulty naming words or finding words - but yk what it is

Broca’s Aphasia

• expressive, non-fluent aphasia

• anomia

• impaired repetition and writing, and sometimes reading

• Agrammatism - difficulty using proper grammar

• complex syntax hard to comprehend

I know what I want to say but I struggle to get it out.

Wernicke’s aphasia

• receptive, fluent aphasia

• neologisms and paraphasias (made up words and wrong sounds)

• Poor auditory comprehension

• Impaired reading, repetition, and writing

I can speak fluently but it may not make sense and I have trouble understanding

Conduction Aphasia

• Arcuate Fasciculus - association fiber on the left hem that connects Brocas and Wernickes

• Damage to this pathway causes conduction aphasia

• Poor repetition and anomia

Global Aphasia

• the sum of Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia - both expressive and receptive lang impaired

• non-fluent, sometimes mute

• poor comprehension

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

• injury caused by external forces resulting in impaired skills or behaviors

Penetrating Open Head injuries

An object enters or penetrates the skull

Non-penetrating Closed Head Injuries

Head suffers a concussive or forceful blow

• Non-acceleration - impact w/o head movement

• Acceleration - impact with head movement

  • Linear - straight movement

  • Angular - rotate or twist

Neurological-physical

movement, senses, speech/swallowing damaged

Cognitive-intellectual

attention, memory, processing, executive functions

Emotional-behavioral

personality, emotions, self-control, behavior

how smo acts, feels, interacts