INTRODUCTION OF HUMAN ANATOMY

Study of the structure and function of the human body.

Anatomy

Greek word meaning "dissection."

Anatome

Greek word meaning "study of."

Logos

Father of Anatomy.

Herophilus

Procedure involving the dissection of living organisms.

Vivisection

Father of Modern Anatomy.

Andreas Vesalius

First illustrated anatomy textbook.

De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem

Mentor of Andreas Vesalius.

Jacobus Sylvius

Ancient physician whose anatomical theories dominated for centuries.

Galen

Ancient Egyptian medical text associated with embalmers.

Edwin Smith Papyrus

Individual who integrated art and science in anatomical illustrations.

Leonardo da Vinci

Anatomical approach focusing on specific body regions.

Regional anatomy

Another term for regional anatomy.

Topographical anatomy

Anatomical approach emphasizing body contours.

Surface anatomy

Anatomical approach organized according to organ systems.

Systemic anatomy

Study of structures visible without a microscope.

Gross anatomy

Study of structures requiring a microscope.

Microscopic anatomy

Anatomical division directly applied to medicine and surgery.

Applied anatomy

Another name for applied anatomy.

Clinical anatomy

Study of cells.

Cytology

Study of tissues.

Histology

Study of development from fertilization.

Embryology

Major tissue forming the outer body covering.

Epithelium

Tissue represented by bone.

Connective tissue

Tissue responsible for contraction.

Muscle tissue

Tissue specialized for communication and control.

Nervous tissue

Standard reference position used in anatomy.

Anatomical position

Direction the head faces in anatomical position.

Anteriorly

Direction the palms face in anatomical position.

Anteriorly

Position of the feet in anatomical position.

Parallel

Vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions.

Sagittal plane

Sagittal plane passing through the body's midline.

Midsagittal plane

Plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Frontal plane

Another name for the frontal plane.

Coronal plane

Plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

Transverse plane

Another name for the transverse plane.

Cross-sectional plane

Section parallel to the long axis of the body.

Longitudinal section

Section perpendicular to the long axis.

Transverse section

Section cut at an angle other than the standard planes.

Oblique section

Anatomical term meaning toward the front.

Anterior

Anatomical term meaning toward the back.

Posterior

Surface term referring to the palm of the hand.

Palmar

Surface term referring to the back of the hand.

Dorsal

Surface term referring to the sole of the foot.

Plantar

Anatomical term meaning nearer the midline.

Medial

Anatomical term meaning farther from the midline.

Lateral

Anatomical term meaning toward the head.

Superior

Another term for superior.

Cranial

Anatomical term meaning toward the feet.

Inferior

Another term for inferior.

Caudal

Anatomical term meaning closer to the point of attachment.

Proximal

Anatomical term meaning farther from the point of attachment.

Distal

Anatomical term meaning closer to the body surface.

Superficial

Anatomical term meaning farther from the surface.

Deep

Anatomical term meaning inside a structure.

Internal

Anatomical term meaning outside a structure.

External

Position of lying on the back.

Supine

Position of lying face downward.

Prone

Flow directed toward a reference point.

Afferent

Flow directed away from a reference point.

Efferent

Term describing a structure located on one side of the body only.

Unilateral

Term describing paired structures found on both sides of the body.

Bilateral

Term describing structures on the same side of the body.

Ipsilateral

Term describing structures on opposite sides of the body.

Contralateral

Central facial structure used as an anatomical reference.

Nose

Another central facial structure used as an anatomical reference.

Mouth

Movement that decreases the angle between bones.

Flexion

Movement that increases the angle between bones.

Extension

Flexion occurring at the ankle joint.

Dorsiflexion

Movement of pointing the toes downward.

Plantarflexion

Movement away from the body's midline.

Abduction

Movement toward the body's midline.

Adduction

Turning the sole of the foot medially.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot laterally.

Eversion

Movement around the long axis of a structure.

Rotation

Rotation toward the body's midline.

Medial rotation

Rotation away from the body's midline.

Lateral rotation

Combined movement involving flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Circumduction

Turning the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly.

Pronation

Turning the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly.

Supination

Forward movement of a body part.

Protraction

Backward movement of a body part.

Retraction

Smaller of the two major body cavities.

Dorsal cavity

Body cavity housing the brain.

Cranial cavity

Body cavity containing the spinal cord.

Vertebral cavity

Larger body cavity located on the anterior aspect of the body.

Ventral cavity

Body cavity superior to the diaphragm.

Thoracic cavity

Muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Diaphragm

Cavity surrounding each lung.

Pleural cavity

Central compartment of the thoracic cavity.

Mediastinum

Cavity enclosing the heart.

Pericardial cavity

Inferior subdivision of the ventral cavity.

Abdominopelvic cavity

Upper portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Abdominal cavity

Lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Pelvic cavity

Organ system occupying most of the abdominal cavity.

Gastrointestinal tract

Organ located within the cranial cavity.

Brain

Structure housed within the vertebral cavity.

Spinal cord

Organ enclosed within the pericardial cavity.

Heart

Organs enclosed within the pleural cavities.

Lungs

Number of abdominopelvic regions used in the regional approach.

Nine regions