Atom economies and percentage yields

Steps in a titration

1.Fill a burette with acid of known concentration.

2.Measure an amount of alkali using a calibrated pipette and pipette filler

3. Add alkali to a conical flask with few drops of suitable indicator

4. Run acid from the burette until colour change

5. Repeat procedure until you get concordant results

During what is product lost

The practical process of obtaining the product

As a result of reactions that do not go to completion

Atom economy equation

Mass of desired product/ total mass of reactants

Yield

Tells us how many atoms must be wasted in a reaction

Formula for yield

Number of moles of a product/maximum number of moles of the product

Why is high atom economy good

It is cost efficient and has a reduced environmental impact

Formula for percentage error

Absolute error/measured volume • 100

What is the error for the measuring cylinder

O.5 cm3