Wrong - Behavioral

Nativist Linguistic Hypothesis

Language is an innate behaviour wired into the brain. As long as language is introduced at the critical time, it is biologically predetermined

Opponent Process Color Hypothesis

Color information from cones is determined in pair sets: black/white, red/green, blue/yellow. These pairs overlap with other pairs but not with each other (ie won’t see red and green at same time from same thing)

Young-Helmhotz Color Theory

All colors we see are result of combined activity of 3 photoreceptors: Short wavelengths (blue), medium (green), long (red)

Sapir-Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Language influences cognition and perception

Fovea

Highest density of cones

Optic disc

Where optic nerve exits and artery that supplies blood to retina enters. This is a blind spot, no photoreceptors

Parvo Pathway

Retina → Lower(ventral) LGN → V1 → Ventral Brain Region

Parvo Pathway Function

“What” - Perception of Fine Detail: form and color

Magno Pathway

Retina → Upper(dorsal) LGN → V1 → Dorsal Brain Region

Magno Pathway Function

“Where” - Perception of Course Detail: Motion and Depth

Elaboration Likelihood Model (Central Route)

Processing of persuasive messages:

• Central Route:

  • High Elaboration

  • Use logic, facts and lasting reason to persuade

  • Use when audience is motivated and able

  • Leads to deeper persuasion

Elaboration Likelihood Model (Peripheral Route)

Processing of persuasive messages:

• Peripheral Route:

  • Low Elaboration

  • Use superficial cues or associations to persuade

  • Use when audience is unmotivated or distracted

  • Leads to shallow persuasion

McDonaldization of Society

Increase in efficiency/standardization/automation but decrease in individuality/quality/skill

Malthusian Theory of Population Growth

Human population growth is exponential and outpaces resource growth which is arithmetic

Thus, population growth experiences checks to keep it down:

• Preventative Checks:

  • Voluntary reduction of births

• Positive Checks:

  • Involuntary increase in death

Intersectionality

How different social identities combine to affect a persons life, treatment, behaviour

Ethnography

Qualitative study of human social phenomena in their own communities

Content Analysis

Qualitative technique used to examine text and images involved in human communication

Sick Role Theory

The rights and responsibilities of a sick person:

• 2 Rights:

  • Exempt from social norms

  • Not blamed for their illness

• 2 Responsibilities:

  • Must try to get better

  • Must seek help and follow that help to get better

Medicalization

Everyday normal human behaviours are treated as medical issues

False Consciousness

Members of exploited classes fall into the status quo and believe the misleading views of the upper class rather than being aware of the class disparities

Forgetting Curve

Crystallized Intelligence

Solving problems with using experience or previous information

Practical Intelligence

Solve issues that arise in everyday life

Fluid Intelligence

Ability to reason abstractly and solve new problems

Impression management techniques

Presenting a curated version of yourself on the outside consciously or unconsciously

Symbolic interactionism

Microsocial theory that says human behavior and society are shaped by the subjective meanings individuals assign to objects, events, and behaviors.

Conflict theory

Society is in a perpetual state of conflict driven by competition for limited resources, power, and status

Social constructionism

A sociological theory that posits reality and knowledge are created through human interaction rather than existing objectively.

Sensory memory

Initial stage of memory briefly retaining environmental data using ones senses

Working memory

Memory used to temporarily hold and manipulate information required for complex tasks, mental scratchpad.

Randomized control trial

Randomly assign participants into two or more groups, control or experimental. Minimizes bias

Case control study

Compare a group with the illness to a group without it and see the differences to determine the cause of the illness

Cohort study

Follow a group of people to see what happens to them after some have been treated with experimental and some are controls.

Cross sectional

Observational research method that collects population data at one moment in time

Inclusive fitness theory

Organism not only protects its own reproductive fitness but also by helping genetic relatives (ie family) who share same genes.

Perceptual organization

The brain's process of grouping and structuring raw sensory data (like shapes, colors, or sounds) into coherent, meaningful objects and patterns.

Combination of top down and bottom up processing

Priming

Exposure to one stimulus affects exposure to another stimulus

Social capital

Strength of ones social network and the value it can bring

Privilege

Opportunities one is provided

Ascribed status

Portion of SES adopted in life assumed involuntarily such as gender, race and age.

Achieved status

Portion of SES voluntarily earned and achieved for such as education.

Somatic symptom disorder

Persistent and excessive concern and looking for medical attention over minor physical symptoms that are not supported by medical evaluation.