Studied by 2 peoplewhat are the three major functions of blood?
transportation- of oxygen and CO2
regulation- of body temp. and pH
protection- immunity/defense
what are the 3 sections of blood?
plasma (55%)
buffy coat (<1%)
erythrocytes (44% of blood)
what color is blood?
O2 rich is scarlet, O2 poor is a deep red
how much blood do we have?
men have 5-6L, women have 4-5L
what is the viscosity of blood?
about 5 times thicker than blood
what is the temperature of blood
100.4 degrees F
what is the pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
what is the salinity of blood?
0.9% NaCl
what causes hemolysis?
a hypotonic solution and an increase in cell volume
what causes crenation
a hypertonic solution and a decrease in cell volume
what makes up most of plasma?
water (92%)
What proteins make up 7% of plasma
albumin (58%)
globulins (37%)
fibrinogen (4%)
regulatory proteins (<1%)
what do albumins do?
maintain colloid osmotic pressure in blood vessels by drawing water molecules towards them
what do globulins do?
alpha- transport lipids and some metal ions
beta- transport lipids and iron ions
gamma- antibodies that neutralize pathogens
what does fibrinogen do?
facilitate coagulation
what do regulatory proteins do?
hold enzymes and hormones
what is the other 1% of plasma?
electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, wastes.
where are all formed elements made?
in red bone marrow through hemopoiesis
where do all blood cells originate from
a hemocytoblast
what are the two lines a hemocytoblast could go down
myeloid line: could turn into erythrocytes, platelets and most leukocytes
lymphoid line: can only turn into a lymphocyte
what is the main function of erythrocytes?
CO2 and oxygen transportation
what are some characteristics of RBCs
no nucleus, divot in the middle, increased surface area, single file line through capillaries, 99% of formed elements, holds many hemoglobin molecules
what are the two parts of a hemoglobin
heme group- contains iron where 4 potential O2’s can bind to
globin- pigmented portion with 4 peptide chains
how long do RBCs live for
about 120 days
what happens to older RBCs
they get macrophage and recycled by the spleen and liver
where does the globin group of hemoglobin go?
since globin is a protein, it is broken down into amino acids which enter the blood to go into red bone marrow to make new erythrocytes
where does the iron in hemoglobin get recycled to?
iron goes to the liver where transferrin transports it to the red bone marrow to be recycled
where does the heme group go to get recycled?
without the iron the heme group gets turned into bilirubin and gets sent to the liver as a component of bile in the small intestine
Note 
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