Review

subordinate clause

A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb

gerund phrase

Begins with noun form of verb ending in -ing, plus any modifiers or complements

Stanzas

groups of lines in a poem

Theme

an underlying message about life or human nature that a writer wants the reader to understand

independent clause (main clause)

a clause that may stand on its own and make sense as a complete sentence

dependent clause

A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb

Diction

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

Hyperbole

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

prepositional phrase (PP)

a group of words that includes a preposition and a noun or pronoun

parts of speech

adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, nouns, pronouns, prepositions, verbs

Types of Sentences

simple, compound, complex, compound-complex

author's purpose

The reason the author has for writing
(Inform, persuade, express, & entertain).

Verse

A single line of poetry

Symbolism

the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

Mood

Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader

Tone

A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.

Style

the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work

Alliteration

the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

antecedent

The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.

clause

A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb; it is used as part of the sentence. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. The point that you want to consider is the question of what or why the author subordinates one element should also become aware of making effective use of subordination in your own writing.

phrase

a group of words in a sentence that acts as a single part of speech.

infinitive phrase

Phrases that begin with an infinitive. (to + simple form of the verb)

participial phrase

contains a participle and acts as an adjective; examples: They arrested the man DRIVING THE CAR.

appositive phrase

A group of words that stands next to a noun or pronoun and renames or adds information or details to it.

argument

A statement put forth and supported by evidence

Point of View (POV)

the perspective from which a narrative is told

Comma splices and fused sentences

Two independent clauses cannot be joined by a comma, nor can they be smushed together with no punctuation.

Allusion

A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art