Understanding Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders

Bipolar Disorder

Mental illness with mood and energy fluctuations.

Maina

Elated feeling; may cause risky behavior.

Bipolar I

Full-blown mania with depressive episodes.

Bipolar II

Hypomania with major depressive episodes.

Hypomania

Low mania; lasts at least 4 days.

Developmental Factors

Increased bipolar rates in children over time.

Childhood Symptoms

Chronic mania; rapid cycling; mixed states.

Comorbidity

Presence of multiple medical and psychological conditions.

Self-medication

Using alcohol to cope with mental health issues.

Major Depressive Disorder

Persistent sadness affecting daily functioning.

Atypical Depression

Increased sleep or eating; episodic nature.

Depressive Episode Duration

Lasts at least 2 weeks.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Chronic depression lasting 2+ years.

Double Depression

Dysthymia with episodes of major depression.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Severe mood symptoms linked to menstrual cycle.

Peripartum Depression

Depressive symptoms during or after childbirth.

Prevalence of PMDD

Affects 1.3%-4.6% of reproductive-age women.

Prevalence of Peripartum Depression

Affects 6.5%-12% of new mothers.

Impact on Children

Associated difficulties in social and emotional development.

Epidemiology of Depression

Affects 16.2% of adults at least once.

Mood Symptoms

Include sadness, anxiety, irritability, and panic.

Functionality Impact

Depression affects social and work capabilities.