Urban Development and Economics Concepts

Flashcards covering key concepts related to urban development, economics, and demographic theories.

Totalitarian

A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Epidemiologic transition

The transition from infectious diseases as the dominant health problems to chronic diseases in developing countries.

Sustainable development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Deindustrialization

The process whereby industrial activity in a region is reduced or eliminated.

Morality

Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.

Meta city

A large urban area that comprises multiple cities and metropolitan areas, often characterized by interconnected networks.

Mega Cities

Cities with a population of over 10 million people.

Primate city

A city that is significantly larger than the second largest city in a country and dominates the economic and cultural life.

Median household income value

The income level at which half of the households earn more and half earn less.

Informal economies

Economic activities that are not regulated by the government and typically operate outside of the formal market.

Post industrial economies

Economies that have moved from heavy industry and manufacturing to a more service-oriented, information-based economy.

Globalization

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

International migration

The movement of people across international borders for the purpose of settling in another country.

New Urbanism redevelopment

An urban design movement that promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types.

Metropolitan areas

Regions that encompass a densely populated urban center and its less-populated surrounding territories.

Gentrification

The process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste, often leading to the displacement of lower-income residents.

Rank size rule

A pattern that suggests that the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy of cities.

HDI (Human Development Index)

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Demographic model

A theoretical model that describes population change over time and the factors influencing that change.

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party or group.