Ch 19: Bacterial infections

Prioprionibacterium acnes

Bacteria that causes acne

Other bacteria from this spp. as well

anaerobic Gram + bacilli

what type of bacteria is propionibacterium acnes?

Bacillus anthracis

Bacteria that causes anthrax

Woolsorter’s disease

another name for anthrax

spore forming, gram + bacillus

what type of bacteria is Bacillus anthracis?

anaerobes in Clostridium genus

what bacteria causes Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

Mycobacterium leprae

what bacteria causes leprosy (Hansen Disease)?

Acid-fast bacillus

Mycobacterium leprae is what type of bacteria?

Staphylococcal

folliculitis is a ___ skin infection

staphylococcal

furuncles are a ___ skin infection

staphylococcal

abscesses are a ___ skin infection

Staphylococcus aureus

what causes staphylococcal skin infections?

Gram + coccus

what type of bacteria is S. aureus?

Streptococcal

Scarlet fever is a _ skin infection

Streptococcal

Erysipelas is a _ skin infection

Streptococcus pyogenes

What causes Streptococcal skin infections?

Gram + coccus

What type of bacteria is S. pyogenes?

blood or lymph

pathogens for wound infections may spread through _, causing serious systemic infections

otitis externa

ear infection that can be caused by Escherichia coli

externa

External Otitis is an Otitis __________

externa

Ear Canal Infection is an Otitis __________

externa

Swimmer’s ear is an Otitis __________

Otitis externa

ear infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Otitis media

middle ear infection

Otitis externa

ear infection caused by Proteus vulgaris

Otitis externa

ear infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Otitis media

ear infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Otitis media

ear infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae

Otitis media

Ear infection caused by Moraxella catarrhalis

viral causes of otitis media

measles, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial viruses

H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae

Causes of Bacterial conjunctivitis (pinkeye)

Chlamydia trachomatis

cause of chlamydial conjunctivitis

Chlamydia trachomatis

cause of trachoma

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

cause of Gonococcal conjunctivitis

Upper respiratory tract

Diphtheria is an infection of the _______

Upper respiratory tract

Streptococcal pharyngitis is an infection of the ________

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Cause of diphtheria

airborne droplets, direct contact, contaminated fomites, raw milk

Transmission of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Streptococcus pyogenes

Cause of Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep throat)

Direct contact

Transmission of S. pyogenes

Lower respiratory tract

Pneumonia is an infection of the _

lower respiratory tract

legionellosis is an infection of the ____

lower respiratory tract

tuberculosis is an infection of the ____

lower respiratory tract

whooping cough is an infection of the ___

Pneumonia

can be caused by gram + or gram - bacteria, mycoplasmas, chlamydias, viruses, fungi, protozoa

Streptococcus pneumoniae

community acquired bacterial pneumonia is most frequently caused by _

Also most common cause of pneumonia in the world

Legionella pneumophila

Cause of Legionellosis (Legionnaire’s Disease, Pontiac Fever)

Gram - bacillus

what type of bacteria is Legionella pneumophila?

ponds, AC, hot tubs

transmission of Legionella pneumophila

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Cause of Mycoplasma Pneumonia (Primary Atypical pneumonia)

gram -

what type of bacteria is Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

cell walls

Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks _

droplet inhalation

Transmission of m. pneumoniae occurs via _, direct contact with infected person, or contaminated articles

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

primary cause of tuberculosis

slow growing, acid-fast, gram _ to gram variable bacillus

What type of bacteria is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

infected humans

transmission of tuberculosis occurs primarily by _ (airborne droplets)B

Bordatella Pertussis

Cause of Pertussis (whooping cough)

Trench mouth

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)

ANUG

synergistic infection involving 2 or more species of anaerobic bacteria of the indigenous oral microflora

Helicobacter pylori

cause of bacterial gastritis and ulcers

gram - bacillus

what type of bacteria is Helicobacter pylori?

ingestion

transmission of bacterial gastritis/ulcers probably by _

antibiotic

tx of H. pylori

Campylobacter jejuni

Cause of Campylobacter enteritis

animals

Transmission of C. jejuni occurs via

Virbrio cholerae

Cholera is caused by certain biotypes of _ serogroup 01

Gram - bacillus

what type of bacteria is vibrio cholerae?

infected humans, aquatic reservoirs, fecal-oral

transmission of Vibrio cholerae

Enterobacteriaceae family

Cause of Salmonellosis

Gram - bacilli

What type of bacteria is the Enterobacteriaceae family that cause salmonellosis?

Enterobacteriaceae family

Gram - bacilli that invade intestinal cells, release endotoxin, produce cytotoxins and enterotoxins

domestic and wild animals

transmission of enterobaccteriaceae family occurs via _, contaminated food, fecal-oral, food handlers, contaminated water

Salmonella typhi

cause of of typhoid fever

gram - bacillus

what type of bacteria is Salmonella typhi?

Releases endotoxin and produces exotoxins

infected humas

transmission of typhoid occurs by _ for typhoid and paratyphoid

some people become carriers after infection

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)

Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei are all causes of

Nonmotile, gram - bacilli

what type of bacteria are Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei?

infected humans

transmission of Shigellosis

E. coli O157:H7

cause of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) diarrhea

cattle feces, infected humans

Transmission of EHEC

Fecal-oral

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Diarrhea

Caused by many different serotypes of enterotoxigenic E. coli

Traveler’s diarrhea

another name for ETEC is

fecal-oral

Transmission of ETEC is by infected humans, _______ route

E. coli

most common causes of UTIs

UTIs

Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa are other common causes of

healthcare-associated

UTIs acquired in a healthcare setting

community-acquired

UTIs acquired not in a healthcare settingc

most common

UTIs are _______ type of healthcare-associated infection

direct sexual contact, mother to neonate

Genital Chlamydial Infections are caused by ___ or ____

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Cause of gonorrhea

gram - diplococcus

what type of bacteria is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

mucous membrane to mucous membrane

Gonorrhea is caused by _ contact

Treponema pallidum

Cause of Syphilis

Gram variable

what type of gram is treponema pallidum?

sexual contact

transmission of syphilis mainly by __, also blood transfusions and transplacentally

simultaneously

STDs may be transmitted ________

If Pt Dx with one type of STD, test for other ones

Rickettsia rickettsii

cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Tickborne Typhus Fever)

gram - bacterium, obligate intracellular pathogen

what type of bacteria is Rickettsia rickettsii?

ticks

transmission of RMSF

Rickettsia typhi

cause of Endemic typhus fever (Murine Typhus Fever, Fleaborne Typhus)