ATP & Cellular Respiration

Flashcards covering key concepts in ATP and cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration

involves the production of ATP energy

Mitochondrion

The mighty energy producer of the cell, responsible for generating ATP.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; the primary energy carrier in cells.

Glycolysis

The first step in cellular respiration, breaking glucose into two pyruvate molecules.

Aerobic respiration

Type of respiration that requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria, producing a large amount of ATP.

Anaerobic respiration

Type of respiration that occurs without oxygen, typically resulting in fermentation. It happens in the cytoplasm. It produces less ATP energy and doesn't completely break down glucose

Fermentation

A metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

Lactic acid fermentation

A type of anaerobic respiration occurring in some bacteria and animal cells, producing lactic acid.

Alcoholic fermentation

A type of anaerobic respiration occurring in yeasts and bacteria, producing CO2 and alcohol.

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate; a molecule that is formed when ATP loses one phosphate group.

Respiration equation

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy; represents the overall process of cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (sunlight) → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (Glucose); represents the overall process of photosynthesis.

ATP/ADP cycle

The process by which ATP is converted to ADP and back, involving the transfer of energy and phosphate groups. Energy is released when a phosphate bond is broken.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using chloroplasts.

Cellular respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose to produce ATP.

Carbon cycle

The ecological cycle that involves the transformation of carbon among various environmental reservoirs.

Phosphate bond

A high-energy bond in ATP that, when broken, releases energy for cellular activities.

Net gain of ATP in glycolysis

2 ATP; the total amount of ATP made during the glycolysis stage of cellular respiration.

Respiration Aerobic and Anaerobic Pathways

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Cellular Carbon Cycle

Plants do both respiration and photosynthesis