Spruce Fir Plant Species

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Last updated 3:48 AM on 9/16/26
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24 Terms

1
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Picea enelmanii

Engelmann Spruce

Pinaceae

Pendulous cones from upper branches, light brown, diamond-shaped scales, paper-thin and flexible, two winged seeds in the axil of each fruiting scale.

Reddish, scaly, and thin bark

Medicinal uses: coughs and respiratory infections; pitch used as tea

<p>Engelmann Spruce </p><p>Pinaceae </p><p>Pendulous cones from upper branches, light brown, diamond-shaped scales, paper-thin and flexible, two winged seeds in the axil of each fruiting scale. </p><p>Reddish, scaly, and thin bark</p><p>Medicinal uses: coughs and respiratory infections; pitch used as tea</p>
2
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Abies lasiocarpa subs. arizonica

Corkbark Fir, Rocky Mountain Fir

Pinaceae

bark- corky, cream-colored bark

needles- solitary, flattened in cross-section with blunt apex, silver-blue to silver-green, shiny

cones- pollen cones purple to purple-green, seed cones cylindrical, upright on upper branches, deep purple, scales densely pubescent

seeds- brown with wings


<p>Corkbark Fir, Rocky Mountain Fir </p><p>Pinaceae </p><p>bark- corky, cream-colored bark </p><p>needles- solitary, flattened in cross-section with blunt apex, silver-blue to silver-green, shiny</p><p>cones- pollen cones purple to purple-green, seed cones cylindrical, upright on upper branches, deep purple, scales densely pubescent</p><p>seeds- brown with wings </p><p></p>
3
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Populus tremuloides

Quaking Aspen

Saliaceae

bark- dark gray with white powder

branches- reddish-brown to gray

leaves- petiole flattened perpendicular to the plane of the blade, same length as the blade/ blade circularish



<p>Quaking Aspen </p><p>Saliaceae</p><p>bark- dark gray with white powder</p><p>branches- reddish-brown to gray</p><p>leaves- petiole flattened perpendicular to the plane of the blade, same length as the blade/ blade circularish </p><p></p><p></p>
4
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Sorbus dumosa

Arizona Mountain Ash

Rosaceae

shrub, densely white, hairy twigs and winter buds, reddish bark

leaves- odd-pinnate leaves, serrated leaflets, dark green, thin, sessile or on short petioles

flowers- compound clusters of small and numerous white flowers, 5 petals and sepals, many stamens, single pistil

fruits- small red berry pome, in terminal clusters,

<p>Arizona Mountain Ash </p><p>Rosaceae</p><p>shrub, densely white, hairy twigs and winter buds, reddish bark </p><p>leaves- odd-pinnate leaves, serrated leaflets, dark green, thin, sessile or on short petioles</p><p>flowers- compound clusters of small and numerous white flowers, 5 petals and sepals, many stamens, single pistil </p><p>fruits- small red berry pome, in terminal clusters, </p>
5
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Salix soulerana

Scouler’s Willow

Salicacaea

shrubs or trees,

Leaves: alternate, compound, wider than most willows, serrated margins

highest-elevation willow

<p>Scouler’s Willow </p><p>Salicacaea</p><p>shrubs or trees, </p><p>Leaves: alternate, compound, wider than most willows, serrated margins</p><p>highest-elevation willow </p>
6
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Achillea millefolium

Yarrow

Asteraceae

Leaves- many lobes, fern-like

Flowers: 5 white ray flowers, 8-10 disk flowers-white, light pink, deep purple

10-100 in compound umbel

Medicinal uses: infusion for colds, fevers, sore throats; diuretic, suppresses menstruation, headaches, liver troubles, blood purifier, antibiotic, used as a poultice for sores


<p>Yarrow</p><p>Asteraceae</p><p>Leaves- many lobes, fern-like</p><p>Flowers: 5 white ray flowers, 8-10 disk flowers-white, light pink, deep purple </p><p>10-100 in compound umbel</p><p>Medicinal uses: infusion for colds, fevers, sore throats; diuretic, suppresses menstruation, headaches, liver troubles, blood purifier, antibiotic, used as a poultice for sores </p><p></p>
7
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Erigeron flagellaris

Trailing Fleabane

Asteraceae

small ray flowers

many disk flowers

white, pink, lavender, many phyllaries

<p>Trailing Fleabane</p><p>Asteraceae</p><p>small ray flowers</p><p>many disk flowers</p><p>white, pink, lavender, many phyllaries </p>
8
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Erigeron formosissimus

Asteraceae

Beautiful fleabane

Bigger heads of flowers

purple ray flowers

leafless stem, green phillaries

<p>Asteraceae </p><p>Beautiful fleabane</p><p>Bigger heads of flowers</p><p>purple ray flowers</p><p>leafless stem, green phillaries</p>
9
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Hymenoxys hoopesii

Asteraceae

Orange sneezeweed

Waist-high, few ray flowers, many disk flowers, pendulous ray flowers

can be used as a salve, toxic if ingested

<p>Asteraceae </p><p>Orange sneezeweed</p><p>Waist-high, few ray flowers, many disk flowers, pendulous ray flowers</p><p>can be used as a salve, toxic if ingested</p>
10
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Senecio biglovii

Asteraceae

Used to be packera genera

all senecios are poisonous

pendant heads, facing out, picket-fence phyllaries


<p>Asteraceae </p><p>Used to be packera genera</p><p>all senecios are poisonous</p><p>pendant heads, facing out, picket-fence phyllaries</p><p></p>
11
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Senecio eremophilus var. macdougalii

Asteraceae

MacDougal groundsel

highly modified disk flowers-look like ray

phyllaries with red tips

highly lobed leaves

known to hurt livestock


<p>Asteraceae </p><p>MacDougal groundsel</p><p>highly modified disk flowers-look like ray</p><p>phyllaries with red tips</p><p>highly lobed leaves</p><p>known to hurt livestock</p><p></p>
12
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Heuchera rubescens

Pink alumroot

Saxifragaceae

palmately lobed and veined leaves, geranium-like

small pink/red/white ombre flowers

medicinally used



<p>Pink alumroot </p><p>Saxifragaceae</p><p>palmately lobed and veined leaves, geranium-like </p><p>small pink/red/white ombre flowers</p><p>medicinally used </p><p></p><p></p>
13
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Metensia franciscana

San Francisco peaks bluebell

Boranginaceae

corolla, pendant head, flowers coil up

<p>San Francisco peaks bluebell </p><p>Boranginaceae </p><p>corolla, pendant head, flowers coil up </p>
14
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Moneses uniflora

Single delight

Ericaceae

One flower/season

Basal rosette of leaves, single stalk, blueberry family, giant ovary in flower with stigma and style

<p>Single delight </p><p>Ericaceae </p><p>One flower/season</p><p>Basal rosette of leaves, single stalk, blueberry family, giant ovary in flower with stigma and style </p>
15
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Frasera speciosa

Deer’s ears/ elkweed

Gentianaceae

3-4 ft tall, 4 parts in flower, petals have spots, long sepals, whorled leaves biennial phase

medicinal use as laxative and topical fungicide

<p>Deer’s ears/ elkweed </p><p>Gentianaceae </p><p>3-4 ft tall, 4 parts in flower, petals have spots, long sepals, whorled leaves biennial phase</p><p>medicinal use as laxative and topical fungicide</p>
16
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Geranium richardsonii

Richardson’s geranium

Geraniaceae

palmate lobed and veined leaves, unfused, flat petals, many stamens, elongated styles when fruiting- makes beak

roots are astringent


<p>Richardson’s geranium </p><p>Geraniaceae </p><p>palmate lobed and veined leaves, unfused, flat petals, many stamens, elongated styles when fruiting- makes beak </p><p>roots are astringent </p><p></p>
17
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Monardella ordaratissima

Bee balm/ mountain monardella/ alpine mountainbalm

Lamiaceae

square stems, opposite leaves, tones of flowers in heads, purple fragrant flowers

many medicinal uses

<p>Bee balm/ mountain monardella/ alpine mountainbalm </p><p>Lamiaceae </p><p>square stems, opposite leaves, tones of flowers in heads, purple fragrant flowers </p><p>many medicinal uses </p>
18
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Zigadenus elegans

Mountain deathcamus

Melanthiaceae

Bulb root, lily relative, parallel venation, flower parts in 3s

poisonous

<p>Mountain deathcamus </p><p>Melanthiaceae </p><p>Bulb root, lily relative, parallel venation, flower parts in 3s </p><p>poisonous </p>
19
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Calypso bulbosa

Fairy slipper orchid

Orchidaceae

1 distinctive lip, bilateral symmetry, 3 other petals look like sepals


<p>Fairy slipper orchid </p><p>Orchidaceae </p><p>1 distinctive lip, bilateral symmetry, 3 other petals look like sepals </p><p></p>
20
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Corallorrhiza maculata

Spotted coralroot

Decomposer, doesn’t photosynthesize, spotted petals, minimal roots, fungal connection

<p>Spotted coralroot </p><p>Decomposer, doesn’t photosynthesize, spotted petals, minimal roots, fungal connection </p>
21
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Castilleja miniata

Great red Indian paintbrush

Orobanchaceae

red bracts, grows near grass to parasitize them, green flowers


<p>Great red Indian paintbrush </p><p>Orobanchaceae </p><p>red bracts, grows near grass to parasitize them, green flowers </p><p></p>
22
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Festuca ovina

Sheep fescue

Poaceae

High elevation, narrow leaves, many florets/spikelet, florets contain different numbers of bracts, the first 2 bracts are sterile.

<p>Sheep fescue </p><p>Poaceae </p><p>High elevation, narrow leaves, many florets/spikelet, florets contain different numbers of bracts, the first 2 bracts are sterile. </p>
23
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Phleum alpinum

Alpine timothy

Poaceae

characteristic inflourescence- dense spikelet of spikelets, good forage for livestock

<p>Alpine timothy </p><p>Poaceae</p><p>characteristic inflourescence- dense spikelet of spikelets, good forage for livestock </p>
24
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Polemonium pulcherrimum

Beatiful Jacob's-ladder

Polemoniaceae

pinately compound, lavender flowers, petals barely connected at base of flower

<p>Beatiful Jacob's-ladder </p><p>Polemoniaceae </p><p>pinately compound, lavender flowers, petals barely connected at base of flower </p>