Fundamentals of Speech and Hearing Science Final Exam

components of middle ear

ossicles

ossicles

malleus, incus, stapes

middle ear muscles

tensor tympani and stapedius

eustachian tube is a path to the

nasopharynx

fluid behind eardrum indicates

infection

Steps that explain energy transfer during hearing

1. acoustic

2. mechanical

ossicular chain physiology

conducts mechanical sound energy from the TM to inner ear

malleus is attached to

eardrum

eustachian tube physiology

Maintains equal pressure between the ME and atmosphere

normally closer

opens periodically

functions of middle ear

impedance matching, pressure equalization, protection

impedance matching

overcomes air-water transmission problem

tympanic membrane to oval window area ratio

20:1

lever action of ossicular chain

2:1

middle ear amplifies sound by about

34 dB

inner ear components

vestibular system and cochlea

vestibular system

sense of motion and positon

vestibular system made up of

semicircular canals and vestibule

semicircular canals

three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement

vestibule

entrance

cochlea gives us our sense of

hearing

cochlea anatomy

snail-shaped, fluid-filled bony labyrinth

number of turns in cochlea

2.5

unrolled length of cochlea

35 mm

3 chambers of cochlea

scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani

scala media aka

cochlear duct

organ of corti

sits on basilar membrane

organ of corti has two types of sensory cells:

inner and outer hair cells

no fluid in cochlea=

no hearing

tonotopic

cochlea only stimulated in certain spot for each type of frequency

transduction

generation of hearing in cochlea

damage to cochlea is considered to be

permanent

redundancy allows children to

learn cues and practice generalization

__ are difficult to perceive with any type of hearing loss

consonants