Urban Models: Concentric, Sector, Multiple Nuclei, Galactic, Latin American & African City Structures

Concentric Zone Model

Cities grow outward in rings from a central point.

City example for Concentric Zone Model

Chicago

Structure of Concentric Zone Model

CBD, Zone of Transition, Working-Class Housing, Middle-Class Housing, Commuter Zone

Key AP Idea of Concentric Zone Model

Poor closer to the center, wealthy farther away.

Sector Model

Cities grow in wedge-shaped sectors instead of rings.

Why do cities grow in sectors?

Development follows transportation routes like railroads and highways.

Key AP Idea of Sector Model

Transportation routes shape city growth.

Multiple Nuclei Model

Cities have multiple centers (nuclei) instead of one CBD.

Creators of Multiple Nuclei Model

Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman

Examples of nuclei in Multiple Nuclei Model

Airports, universities, malls, business districts, industrial zones.

Real Example of Multiple Nuclei Model

Los Angeles

Key AP Idea of Multiple Nuclei Model

Modern cities develop many business hubs.

Galactic City Model (Peripheral Model)

City spreads outward because of cars and highways.

Characteristics of Galactic City Model

Suburbs expand, edge cities form, business parks appear outside downtown.

Example of Galactic City Model

Atlanta

Key AP Idea of Galactic City Model

Urban sprawl caused by automobiles.

Latin American City Model

Blend of modern city center and developing outskirts.

Creators of Latin American City Model

Ernest Griffin and Larry Ford

Key Features of Latin American City Model

CBD, Commercial spine, Elite residential sector, Peripheral squatter settlements.

Key AP Idea of Latin American City Model

Wealthy live near the center, poor live on the outskirts.

African City Model

Cities shaped by colonialism and ethnic groups.

Structure of African City Model

Three CBDs: Traditional CBD, Colonial CBD, Market zones.

Key AP Idea of African City Model

Cities show colonial history + ethnic divisions.

Southeast Asian City Model

Cities shaped by ports, trade, and colonial influence.

Key Features of Southeast Asian City Model

Port zone, commercial zone, mixed land use, residential areas, squatter settlements.

Key AP Idea of Southeast Asian City Model

Port trade strongly shapes city layout.