Biology Unit 1 test- Fundamentals of Living Things (copy)

Biology

Science that studies living things

Basic characteristics of living things

cells, ability to reproduce, DNA, growth and development, response to stimuli, metabolism, homeostasis, and evolution.

Cells

Small particles that make up living things

Reproduction

A process in which organisms produce offspring

DNA

particles that impact organisms traits and functions

Growth

process in which living things get bigger

Development

How living things change in the course of their life, ex. caterpillar turning into a butterfly

Stimuli

outside things that effect what living things do. Ex. tapping on the glass will cause most zoo animals to become aggresive

Metabolism

all biochemical reactions in an organisms lifetime

Evolution

groups of organisms change over many generations, in a very gradual process.

The two main types of cells

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

What makes a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic?

DNA floats in the cytoplasm, all single celled organisms, tend to be small

What makes a eukaryotic cell different from a prokaryotic?

DNA stored in the nucleus, many complex, membrane bound, organelle, can be multi or unicellular, tends to be larger than prokaryotes.

Similarities between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?

Both have DNA, both have ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane

What is the domain of eubacteria?

Bacteria.

What is the domain of archaebacteria?

Archea.

What is the domain of plants, animals, fungus, protists?

Eukarya.

What are some characteristics of bacteria?

made of prokaryotes, uses asexual reproduction, call walls surrounding the membrane, sometimes pathogenic.

What are some of the main characteristics of archaebacteria?

made of prokaryotes, asexual reproduction, walls surrounding cell membrane, not pathogenic, extremophiles.

What are some of the main characteristics of plants?

Makes food from CO2 and the sun using the photosynthesis process, which makes them autotrophs, multicellular, cell walls have cell walls made from molecules and cellulose.

What are some of the main characteristics of animals?

multicellular, heterotrophs, no cell walls, every animal moves at some point in their life.

What are some of the main characteristics of fungi?

heterotrophs, eats dead organisms, multi or unicellular, yeast is a term for unicellular fungi, fungi have cell walls with no cellulose.

What are some of the main characteristics of protists?

no one sole ancestor, don’t fit in any other kingdom.

What are the domains?

Bacteria, archea, and eukarya.

What are the kingdoms?

Eubacteria, archaebacteria, plants, animals, fungus, and protists.

Extremophile definition-

Thrives in extreme climates

Autotroph definition-

Organism able to produce food on its own.

Pathogenic definition-

able to cause virus and diesease

heterotroph definition-

not able to produce food on its own.

Why should protists matter?

They affect animals and humans in both good and bad ways.