Fluid & Electrolyte Balance

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance, causes of imbalance, and interventions related to nursing care.

Fluid & Electrolyte Balance

The ability of the body to maintain proper hydration, electrolyte concentrations, stable pH, adequate organ perfusion, and normal cellular function.

Imbalance

A disruption in fluid and electrolyte balance affecting perfusion, gas exchange, thermoregulation, cardiac function, cognition, and neuromuscular activity.

Risk Factors for Imbalance

Factors that can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance include vomiting, diarrhea, fever, excessive sweating, diabetes, and certain medications.

Fluid Loss (Dehydration)

A state resulting from loss of fluids due to diarrhea, vomiting, fever, sweating, or specific medications.

Fluid Excess (Overhydration)

A condition characterized by excessive fluid intake or retention, often seen in endurance activities or certain medical conditions.

Potassium-Wasting Diuretics

A class of diuretics that cause the body to lose potassium along with fluid.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Diuretics that help retain potassium while promoting fluid loss, reducing the risk of hypokalemia.

Daily Weight Monitoring

A nursing intervention to track significant weight changes, indicating issues in fluid balance.

Sodium (Na⁺) Normal Range

Normal serum sodium levels are between 135–145 mEq/L.

Hyponatremia

A condition of low sodium in the blood, causing symptoms like confusion, headaches, and seizures.

Hypernatremia

A condition of high sodium in the blood, characterized by thirst, dry membranes, and irritability.

Hypokalemia

A condition of low potassium levels resulting in weak muscles and irregular heart rhythms.

Hyperkalemia

A condition of high potassium levels leading to peaked T waves and potential arrhythmias.

Calcium (Ca⁺) Normal Range

Normal serum calcium levels are 8.6–10.2 mg/dL.

Hypocalcemia

Low calcium levels that can cause muscle cramps and seizures.

Hypercalcemia

High calcium levels associated with severe thirst, frequent urination, and confusion.

Chloride (Cl⁻) Normal Range

Normal serum chloride levels are 98–106 mEq/L.

Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) Normal Range

Normal serum phosphate levels are 2.5–4.5 mg/dL.

Common Tests for F&E Imbalance

Tests including CXR, EKG, and cardiac enzymes to assess fluid and electrolyte status.

Memory Tricks for Electrolyte Values

Mnemonic aids to remember normal ranges of key electrolytes.