Ch. 3 - Birth and Newborn

Episiotomy

A surgical incision made in the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth, intended to prevent tearing.

Natural Childbirth

A gentle birthing approach that focuses on minimizing trauma to the newborn by creating a calm and peaceful environment during birth.

Induction of labor

A medical procedure used to stimulate uterine contractions before labor begins naturally, often employed for various health reasons for the mother or baby.

Vaginal birth after Cesarean (VBAC)

A term used to describe the process of delivering a baby vaginally after a previous Cesarean section, typically involving careful monitoring and assessment of risks.

Low birth weight

A condition where a newborn weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth, which can lead to various health complications.

Preterm Baby

A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy have been completed, often resulting in various health challenges due to underdevelopment.

Small for Date

A condition where a newborn's weight is less than what is typical for their gestational age, indicating potential health issues.

Postmature

A baby born after 42 weeks of gestation, which can lead to complications due to prolonged pregnancy.

Stillborn

A baby that is born without signs of life after 20 weeks of pregnancy, often resulting in emotional and psychological impacts on families.

Lanugo

Fine, soft hair covering a fetus's body, typically shed before birth.

Reflexes in Newborns

Involuntary movements that babies exhibit in response to certain stimuli, such as grasping, rooting, and the Moro reflex.