Newton's Laws Flashcards

Astronomy Flashcards PT3

What are all of Newton’s Laws in this class?

Newton’s First Law, Newton’s Second Law, Newton’s Third Law, Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation, Newton’s Conservation of Momentum Law, Newton’s Conservation of Energy Law

What is Newton’s First Law?

A law from Newton stating that an object at rest remains at rest unless an unbalanced force interacts with it.

What is Newton’s Second Law?

The acceleration of an object speeds up slower if it has more mass, and the harder you push a thing, a faster it speeds up. Ex:

Acceleration = power of unbalanced force / how heavy it is

What is speed?

Distance covered in a particular amount of time.

What is velocity?

The speed and direction of something moving (ex: 60 mph north)

What is acceleration?

Any change in velocity (a.k.a speed or direction).

What is Newton’s Third Law?

Whatever force object a exerts, object b exerts it back (ex: earth pulls down on man, man pulls up on earth, man pulls down on floor, floor pulls up on man)

What is an example of Newton’s First Law?

A ball flying off a snapped rope and going at constant velocity uninterrupted due to the loss of the net force (us).

What is an example of Newton’s Second Law?

We as the net force overpowering the mass of the ball, therefore increasing the speed of the ball — or just making the ball turn in a circle is the power of acceleration/Newton’s Second Law.

What is an example of Newton’s Third Law?

Us pulling on the string of a ball, and the string pulling back.

What is Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation?

A law from Newton stating that the bigger an objects mass between each other, the stronger the pull, and the more distance — weakening the gravitational force. Equation =

Force = G m1*m2/r²

(Ex: distance/radius = 2, the gravitational force is weakening by a factor of 4.)

What is Newton’s Law of Conservation of Momentum?

Unlike force, we are discussing momentum in the laws of conservation. As an object gains downward momentum, the other object gains upward momentum.

What is Newton’s Law of Conservation of energy?

“Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.”

Energy must always be transferred to another thing (ex: throwing a ball: kinetic energy (motion of speed) → potential energy (its height) → then back to kinetic energy)

Astronomy example: the Earth being farther from the Sun (higher potential energy with a slower speed and kinetic energy) → the Earth getting closer to the Sun (low potential energy and fast speed and high kinetic energy)

What is Angular Momentum?

A conserved energy that is constant (a spin) unless an outside force twists it. When distance shrinks and gravity begins to increase/pull down: the object gets faster because it needs to speed up to keep that same momentum.