nr222 unit 4 health promotion and risks for the toddler (4/5)

A set of 50 flashcards covering toddler growth, nutrition, developmental milestones, and safety based on the lecture transcript.

What is the specific age range defined for toddlerhood?

$"12"$ to $"36"$ months.

How is growth characterized during the toddler years in contrast to linear growth?

Growth slows and is "step-like."

What is the initial characteristic of a toddler's gait?

Wide and unsteady.

In general, how does adult height relate to the height of a child at age $"2"$?

Adult height is twice the height at $"2"$ years of age.

How frequently should routine well-child examinations occur for toddlers?

Annually.

By the end of toddlerhood, what is the status of the child's physiologic systems?

They are mature.

Name three activities related to self-care that toddlers can achieve through physiological maturity.

Maintain body temperature, achieve voluntary control of elimination, and dress and feed themselves.

What nutritional habit is formed during early childhood?

Lifelong eating habits.

At what age is it appropriate to start whole cow's milk for a child?

$"1"$ year of age.

Why is the fat in whole cow's milk important for a one-year-old?

It helps with physical and intellectual growth.

At what age can a child transition from whole milk to low-fat or skim milk?

Age $"2"$.

What is the maximum recommended daily intake of milk for a toddler, and why?

Limit to $"24"$ ounces per day to avoid reduced appetite and iron-deficiency anemia.

By age $"2"$, what is the expected vocabulary size for a toddler?

$"300"$ words.

What percentage of a $"2"$-year-old's speech is typically understandable?

$"65"$%.

How many words can a $"2"$-year-old typically string together to form a sentence?

$"2-3"$ words.

What is the impact of using electronic devices to replace caregiver interaction?

It has proven to delay language development.

Define "parallel play," which is common in toddlers.

Playing beside other children without direct interaction.

What is a frequent feature of toddler play involving others?

Imitation of others.

What is the recommended limit for television viewing per day for a toddler?

$"1"$ hour per day.

List at least three activities considered age-appropriate for toddlers.

Filling and emptying containers, playing with blocks, looking at picture books, using push/pull toys, or tossing a ball.

In Erikson's theory, which stage of psychosocial development are toddlers in?

Autonomy versus shame and doubt.

How do toddlers build trust during their psychosocial development?

By exploring independently in a safe environment.

When do shame and doubt arise in a toddler?

When toddlers feel overly dependent.

What term describes the toddler's need for sameness and routine?

Ritualism.

What is the purpose of ritualism for a toddler?

It helps toddlers feel secure.

What is "negativism" in the context of toddler behavior?

A toddler’s way of asserting independence.

How should a caregiver respond to negativism to support autonomy?

Offer choices instead of yes/no questions.

According to Piaget, which cognitive stage is a child in until age $"2"$?

Sensorimotor stage.

Which Piagetian stage of thinking does a child enter after age $"2"$?

Preoperational stage.

At what age does the development of sphincter control typically occur?

Between the ages of $"18"$ and $"24"$ months.

What indicator should a caregiver wait for before starting toilet training?

Wait until the child expresses interest.

What three qualities should caregivers practice for successful toilet training?

Patience, consistency, and calmness.

What is the typical cause of temper tantrums in toddlers?

Caregiver restrictions on independence.

How should a caregiver manage a child during a temper tantrum?

Ignore the behavior but supervise the child to prevent injury.

During which period of a child’s life is the largest number of vaccines recommended?

From birth to age six years.

List expected side effects a few hours to days after a vaccine injection.

Localized tenderness, redness, swelling, low-grade fever, and irritability.

Is a minor illness a contraindication for receiving a vaccination?

No.

Which type of vaccine is contraindicated for immunocompromised children?

Live virus vaccines.

What is the leading cause of death in toddlers?

Unintentional injury.

Identify the four most common injuries leading to death in toddlers.

Motor vehicle accidents, suffocation, drowning, and poisoning.

What major factor contributes to injuries in toddlers due to their physical abilities?

Unrestricted freedom achieved through locomotion combined with an unawareness of danger.

Regarding vehicle safety, where is the safest place for a toddler?

Rear-facing in the back seat of the vehicle.

How long should a child remain in a rear-facing car seat?

As long as physically possible.

What developments occur regarding body image during toddlerhood?

The toddler refers to body parts by name and recognizes gender differences.

Why should adults avoid negative descriptions of physical appearance around toddlers?

The toddler will begin to use words heard in conversation.

Which source is cited for the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Lally & Valentine-French (2020).

According to CDC (2024), what is a common cause of injury leading to death alongside poisoning and drowning?

Suffocation.

What kind of snacks should be provided to toddlers according to nutrition guidelines?

Nutritious snacks between meals.

What type of food is recommended at meals to encourage autonomy?

A variety of healthy finger foods.

What should caregivers provide to prevent toddler frustration related to expectations?

Consistent, age-appropriate expectations.