Central Nervous System

Its main game is integrating the sensory information that the peripheral nervous system collects from all over the body, and responds to it by coordinating both conscious and unconscious activity

Central Nervous System +

Part of CNS that sorts out all collected sensory informati

Part of CNS that carries out most complex functions like thinking, and feeling, and remembering

Brain =

Part of CNS that conducts 2 way signals between the brain and the rest of the body

Spinal Cord +

Part of CNS that governs basic muscle reflexes and patterns that don’t need your brain’s blessing to work

Spinal Cord =

Group of Neurons in your spinal cord that are capable of generating complex patterns of muscle activation without input from the brain, necessary for learned and practiced activities like walking and dancing

Central Pattern Generators

Inside a developing embry, the CNS starts off as humble little ____

neural tube

Soon the caudal end of the neural tube stretches out to form the _____

Spinal Cord

Cranial end of the neural tube begins to expand, divide, and enlarge into the 3 primary _______

Brain Vesicles

3 primary brain vesicles

Prosencephalon, MEsencephalon, Rhombencephalon

Forebrain

Prosencephalon

Midbrain

Mesencephalon

Hindbrain

Rhombencephalon

Prosencephalon

Forebrain

Mesencephalon

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Rhombencephalon

By an embryo’s 5th week of development, 3 primary brain vesicles start morphing into 5 secondary vesicles that form the roots of what will become your grown-up brain structures

Endbrain, Interbrain, Afterbrain, Spinal Brain, Midbrain

Endbrain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Telencephalon

Interbrain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Diencephalon

Afterbrain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Metencephalon

Spinal Brain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Myelencephalon

Midbrain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Mesencephalon

Telencephalon (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Endbrain

Diencephalon (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Interbrain

Afterbrain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Telencephalon

Spinal Brain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Myelencephalon

Midbrain (embryo’s 5th week of development)

Mesencephalon

Prosencephalon (Forebrain) Divides into 2 when embryo’s 5th week of development hits

Telencephalon (Afterbrain), Diencephalon (Interbrain)

The rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) divides into 2 when embryo’s 5th week of development hits

Metencephalon (Endbrain), Myelencephalon (Spinal Brain)

Real action occur as these 5 secondary vesicles start developing into the major adult _____

Human Brain

parts of brain that sprout when 5 secondary vesciles of brain fullt develops

Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebral Hemispheres

The Midbrain, Endbrain, and Spinal Brain will turn into ______ and ______

cerebellum and brainstem

Region of the brain that helps coordinate muscular activity

Cerebellum +

Region of the brain that plays a vital role in relaying information between the body and the higher regions of the brain

Brainstem +

3 parts of Midbrain

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Part of Brainstem that receives and processes sensory information and sends out the reflexive motor signals to react w/o thinking

Midbrain +

Part of Brainstem that carries out higher level functions

Midbrain =

Part of Brainstem that passes sensory information to regions like cerebral cortex that do the actual conscious thinking about the stimule

Midbrain -

This is where you’ll find the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Diencephalon +

Region of brain where you’ll find its parts that regulate things like homeostasis, alertness, and reproductive ability

Diencehalon =

Center for strong emotions like fear, found in Interbrain

Limbic System

During brain’s growth, one part of 5 secondary vesicles undergoes the biggest changes of all

Telencephalon (Endbrain) +

One part of 5 secondary vesicles that turns into the biggest, and most recognizable parts of the brain

Telencephalon (Endbrain) =

Telencephalon (Endbrain) turns into this after fully developing

Cerebrum +

Largest Region of the brain and perform the highest function

Cerebrum =

Cerebrum is made up of the wrinkled, outer layer of _____ called cerebral cortex

gray matter

Cerebrum is made up of the squishy, inner layer of _____ called cerebral medulla

white matter

Region of the brain that rules our voluntary elements, and our most advanced tricks like thinking, learning and regulating and recognizing emotions and experiencing consciousness in general

Cerebrum -

Through evolution, our brain gets more massive but our skull didnt keep up, in order to accomodate the brain as it gets denser with neurons, the brain forms little creases, forming folds

Gyri

Larger grooves than gyri

Sulci

What separates 2 cerebral brain hemisphere?

Fissure

How do Right and left hemisphere communicate if they are separated by fissure

Corpus Callosum

Each hemisphere has other smaller fissures that divide into _____ each with a different set of major fx

lobes

Lobe that giverns muscle control, and cognitive functions like planning for the future, concentration, and preventing socially unacceptable behaviors.

Frontal Lobe +

Area found in Frontal Lobe of left hemisphere that is important in language comprehension and speech

Broca’s Area +

What lobe of brain is important in language comprehension and speech

Frontal Lobe =

Lobe of the brain that processes visual cues

Occipital Lobe

Lobe of the brain that processes sensation of touch, pain, and pressure

Parietal Lobe

Lobe of the brain that helps sort out auditory information including language

Temporal Lobe +

Lobe of the brain that contains the area associated with the production of written and spoken language

Temporal Lobe =

area located in left hemisphere of temporal lobe associated with the production of written and spoken language

Wernicke’s Area +

Part of Limbic system that is associated with short term memory keeping, hence temporal lobe is associated with memory

Hippocampus

Part of Limbic system that controls sexual, and social behavior

Amygdala

Speech is non-fluent, effortful, but comprehension is preserved.

Broca’s Aphasia +

Speech is fluent but nonsensical, and comprehension is impaired

Wernicke’s Aphasia +

Its main fx is Speech production – helps in forming words and constructing grammatically correct sentences

Broca’s Area =

Its main fx is Language comprehension – helps in understanding spoken and written language

Wernicke’s Area =

Person knows what they want to say but struggles to say it. Language Comprehension is preserved, speech production damaged.

Broca’s Aphasia =

Person speaks in long sentences with no meaning. Speech production preserved, language comprehension damaged.

Wenicke’s Aphasia =