gd ww2

Totalitarianism-

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

Joseph Stalin-

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Benito Mussolini-

Took over Italy in 19222, favored facism.

causes of the great depression

Overproduction of goods by factories and farms and flaws in the banking system

effects of great depression

closing of many banks, and great unemployment

anti-Semitic-

Against Jewish people

How did the Great Depression affect political life in Germany and Japan?-

People in those countries were in a bad depression, the people nedeed somo kind of hope.

Why did the League of Nations fail to halt German and Italian aggression?-

The League of Nations did not have a standing army to enforce it.

Spanish Civil War-

civil war in Spain in which General Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government

Appeasement-

Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability.

Why did Britain, France, and the US follow a policy of appeasement?-

They did not wanted war.

new deal

Roosevelt's plan for economic recovery which involved: relief for the unemployed, plans for recovery, and reforms to prevent another depression.

Munich Pact

Signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Gemany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany; Chamberlain said it guaranteed "peace in our time"

How did President Roosevelt react to Japan's aggression in China in the late 1930s?-

He cut down the supplies to Japan

Blitzkrieg-

fight a quick and surprising war

Axis Powers-

Italy, Germany, and Japan.

Allies-

U.S., France, Great Britain, Soviet Union.

Winston Churchill-

British statesman and leader during World War II (Prime Minister of Great Britain)

Battle of Britain-

the prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it

Which side seemed to be winning the war at the end of 1940?-

The Axis Powers

Neutrality Act of 1939-

European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; improved American moral and economic position

us foreign policy

Isolationism was our way of avoiding conflict with other nations.

According to interventionists, how would aiding the Allies actually keep the US out of the war?-

It kept Germany from total victory in Europe

Lend-Lease Act-

help allies with supplies

Atlantic Charter-

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war

Germany's unrestricted warfare-

The U-boat unrestricted warfare, the sinking of many merchant ship.

How did the US support the Allies after Roosevelt's reelection?-

Lend-Lease Act, sending suppiles to the allies.

FDR's Four Freedoms Speech-

proposed four fundamental freedoms that people "everywhere in the world" 1.Freedom of speech and expression

2.Freedom of religion

3.Freedom from want

4.Freedom from fear

"a day that will live in infamy"-

The FDR's famous quote after the Attack on Pearl Harbor.

Hideki Tojo-

Prime minister of Japan during World War II

Pearl Harbor-

base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war

What did the Japanese military leaders hope to gain by attacking Pearl Harbor? Were they successful in their goal-

They hope to gain resourses for their country. They were not successful.

WAC-

a member of the Women's Army Corp that was organized during World War II but is no longer a separate branch

What were the first actions taken by the US once war was declared? -

Increase its equipment, started building more military equipment

Douglas MacArthur-

United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II

Bataan Death March-

April 1942, American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by their Japanese captors. It is called the Death March because so may of the prisoners died en route.

Battle of Coral Sea-

Fought on May 7-8 1942; Caused heavy losses on both sides; Japanese won a tactical victory because they sank US carrier Lexington; Americans claimed a strategic victory by stopping Japan's drive towards Australia

What military advantages did the US have over Japan?-

More airplanes, new ships, more tanks.

What was the ultimate goal in the war? Why did they agree to pursue a "Europe First" strategy?-

To take over the world, Europe was the strongest enemy.

Stalingrad-

City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943. The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. Today Volgograd.

Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point in WWII?-

Hitler Sixth Army surrender to the Russians

North African campaign-

Allies made plans to attack North Africa instead. Axis forces there were in control of Erwin Rommel "Desert Fox". Allies drove Germany out of North Africa in May 1943. Significant: because it gives us experience and battle practice. November 1942= El Aleman British protect Suez Canal. November 8, 1942: Allies land in Morocco (under Eisenhower) George Patton May 1943: Drive Germans out of North Africa.

Dwight Eisenhower-

United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany

Employed men and women to build hospitals, schools, parks and airport; employed artists, writers, and musicians

Works Progress Administration

George S. Patton, Jr.-

Invasion of Sicily, Italy. 1943

Unconditional surrender-

giving up to an enemy without any demands or requests

Saturation bombing-

an extensive and systematic bombing intended to devastate a large target

Strategic bombing-

"A military strategy used in total war. strategy usually involves constant attacks over a period of time on

Tuskegee Airmen-

332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee flying school.

What were the goals of British and American bombing runs over Germany?-

To take out the factories of Germany, Military.

Midway-

naval battle of World War II (June 1942)

Why was Midway a turning point in the war?-

It stop Japan from invading Australia

Chester Nimitz-

United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)

Describe the effects of the war on women, the economy, and minorities-

First time women served onn the military, economy grew, monorities rights were restricted.

A. Philip Randolph-

An important African American labor leader

Executive Order 8802-

In 1941 FDR passed it which prohibited discriminatory employment practices by fed agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war related work. It established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to enforce the new policy.

How did the war create new opportunities for African Americans? -

Created more jobs and new opportunities

Bracero program

United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. The program stimulated emigration for Mexico.

wagner act

Workers and labor unions were helped by this. It stated that you can't fire someone for joining a union. Allows for workers to negotiate with management (collective bargaining)

How did the war affect the location of industries and workers in the US?-

Most of them have to move to new places.

Internment-

placing private property in the custody of an officer of the law

Korematsu vs. United States-

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japaneese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor.

Why were Japanese Americans interned during WWII?-

Fear of spying for the Japs. view the Japs. as the enemy.

Rationing-

a limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use

Office of War Information-

established by the government to promote patriotism and help keep Americans united behind the war effort.

How did the federal government control resources needed for the war effort?-

They established the rationing

In regards to planning Germany's defeat, on what issues did Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill disagree?-

The post-war Europe

D-Day-

planned June 5th June 6 1944 Germans occupied Normandy France Germans though it would occur at Calais and goal was to liberate Paris

What was the primary objective of D-Day?-

To liberate Paris

Battle of the Bulge

December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.

What were the results of the Battle of the Bulge?-

Thousantingds of soldiers died, due to the cold, and the figh

Island-hopping strategy-

The U.S. Strategy to take the islands from the Japs.

kamikaze-

a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II

Okinawa-

A Island in Japan, invaded during WWII by the U.S.

Iwo Jima-

a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)

Why was the island-hopping campaign so deadly to both sides?-

Too hot, mosquitoes, and diseases

Describe the military use in WWII and the civilian uses of the following technological advances: radar, calculating machines, jet engines, penicillin -

Radar: Used in the air force, Calcualting machines: Calculated things fast, jet engines: military aircraft, penicilin: helped cured wounds

Albert Einstein-

physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity

Manhattan Project-

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

J. Robert Oppenheimer-

scientific director of the Manhattan project

Why did Truman ultimately authorize the use of the atomic bomb?-

Tosave American lives, and to end the war, not to invade the Japanese mainland

What were the consequences of the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki?-

Thousands of inocent died, and the Japs, surrender

Holocaust-

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler

Nuremberg Laws-

Placed severe restrictions of Jews, prohibited from marrying non- Jews, attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine or publishing books.

Kristallnacht-

Night of Broken Glass, Nov 9 1938 night when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many jewish propertys

Genocide

systematic killing of a racial or cultural group

Hitler's Final Solution

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler

Concentration camp

a penal camp where political prisoners or prisoners of war are confined (usually under harsh conditions)

Death camp

a concentration camp where prisoners are likely to die or be killed

War Refugee board

Federal agency created in 1944 to try to help people threatened with murder by the Nazis

How did the US government respond to the German campaign against European Jews-

The U.S. helped the jews by leting them come to the U.S.

How did the US government respond to the German campaign against European Jews-

to exterminate the Jews.

Yalta Conference-

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War

Dust Bowl

Name given to the Great Plains. During much of the 1930s, states from Texas to the Dakotas suffered a severe drought. The topsoil dried out. High winds carried the soil away in blinding dust storms.

The Big Three-

FDR, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin

How did the world map change after WWII?-

The State of Isreal was created in 1948.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-

a United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and import quotas