AP Bio Lipids

lipids

lipids

diverse group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water, but will dissolve in nonpolar solvents

lipids

fats and oils, phospholipids, waxes, steroids

fats and oils

used for long term energy storage

fats and oils

structure is called a triglycerol

fats and oils

have a carboxyl group at one end of a hydrocarbon chain

fats and oils

insoluable in water because of the long nonpolar carbon chain

fats and oils

used for long term energy storage

fats and oils

used to cushion vital organs

fats and oils

insulates against heat loss

saturated fat

no double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid tail

saturated fat

saturated with hydrogen

saturated fat

usually solid at room temperature

saturated fat

examples: bacon grease, lard, and butter

unsaturated fat

one or more double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid tail

unsaturated fat

tail kinks at each double bond, so molecules do not pack closely enough together to be a solid

unsaturated fat

usually liquid at room temperature

unsaturated fat

example: vegetable oils

phospholipids

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group at the end

phospholipids

phosphate is highly negatively charged, making one end polar

phospholipids

the other end is nonpolar

phospholipids

used in cell membranes

steroids

4 fused carbon rings with various functional groups

steroids

estrogen, testerone, cholesterol etc