Biol 212 Lab: Bryophytes (Nonvascular) and Seedless Vascular Plants

This study guide is tailored to Miss Holly's Bio Lab Practical

General Characteristics/Evolutionary Traits of Nonvascular

• Reproductive cells?

• What do reproductive cells exhibit?

• Which generation dominant?

• Certain morphology differences?

• Alternation of Generations

• Spores - haploid unicellular structures that substitute sperm

• Homospory

• Gametophyte Dominant

• No vascular tissue, roots, stems, or true leaves (Have microphylls)

Common roots:

• -phylls

• -phyte/gia(ium)

• Antheridio-

• Archegonia-

• -phore

• Leaf

• ____ producing/creating

• Male

• Female

• Bearing/Carrier

Hepatophyta

How do reproduce?

Liverworts

• Thalloid (flat leaf) or Leafy

Asexual:

• Gemmae in Gemmae cups detach with water to form new plant

Sexual:

• Antheridiophore- multiple antheridia containing sperm

• Archegoniophore- multiple archegonia containing 1 egg each

Bryophyta

What does sporophyte consist of?

True Mosses (Bryophytes)

• Antheridia- house sperm

• Archegonia- house single egg

• Rhizoids (fake roots)

Sporophyte:

• Operculum (cap) covered by calyptra (shell)

• Setra (stalk)

General Characteristics/Evolutionary Traits of Seedless Vascular

• Which generation dominant

• Morphology?

• What do reproductive cells exhibit

• Alternation of Generations

• Sporophyte Dominant

• Vascular tissue with megaphylls

• Some exhibit heterospory with microspores (sperm) and megaspores (egg) or homospory

Lycophyta

Difference between 2 species?

Club Mosses, Quillworts, and Spike Mosses

Lycopodium (club moss)

• Homosporous

• Strobilus holds spores (cone shaped)

Selaginella (spike moss)

• Heterosporous

Psilotophyta

Whisk Ferns

• Homosporous

• No phylls

• Has Rhizome

• Yellow round synangia composed of 3 sporangia fused

Sphenophyta

Horsetails

• Homosporous

• Microphylls near brown sections

• Have Pith - hollow center

• Strobili that produce sporangiophores

Pterophyta

Ferns

• Homosporous

• Rhizomes with fronds (megaphylls)

• Immature frond grow into spiral fiddleheads

• Frond has pinnae (leaf) and pitiol (stem)

• spores made in sori (brown spots under fronds/fern leaves)

• Annulus catapults spores 

• Some have indusium flap to protect sori

Liverwort Cycle

True Moss Cycle

Fern Cycle