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Article 2 establishes what
structure, roles, and powers of the executive branch
Constitutional Qualifications to become President
Native born citizen, 35 years old, 14 year US residency
Unwritten qualifications to become president
white, married male, protestant, affiliated with a major political party, military service is beneficial, public speaking skills, over average height, college educated and many hold law degrees, prior government experience
why was the 22nd amendment ratified
so presidents wouldn’t serve unlimited terms
3 VP duties
presiding over senate, becomes president if current president is unable to serve, assigned duties by the president
line of presidential succession
VP, speaker of the house, president pro-tempore, cabinet members
presidential inherent powers
issue executive orders, to take military action without a declaration of war, and to conduct foreign policy initiatives
When have the president's inherent powers been expanded successfully?
President's inherent powers expanded during national crises, notably WWII under FDR for economic and military management, and post-9/11 under George W. Bush for national security.
inherent powers prevented from expanding
Lyndon B Johnson and the War Powers Act of 1973
What is executive privilege?
The right of the president and high-level officials to withhold information from Congress, the courts, and the public, often for national security or to protect sensitive communications.
mandate and political agenda
A mandate indicates significant electoral support for a president, strengthening their position to implement policies and push legislation through Congress based on public backing.
President's role as head of state
The president represents the nation and performs ceremonial duties, such as greeting foreign dignitaries and hosting state dinners, symbolizing national unity and continuity.
President's role as chief executive
The president is the chief executive of the federal government, responsible for enforcing laws and managing the executive branch.
Executive orders used in the past
Abraham Lincoln's Executive Order 1 in 1862 for the War Department, FDR's significant use during WWII for military and economic management, including the Civilian Conservation Corps, and Barack Obama's orders addressing immigration and climate change.
President's role as commander in chief
The president is the highest-ranking officer in the armed forces, responsible for military operations, directing action, deploying troops, and responding to national emergencies.
presidents role as chief diplomat
deals with other countries tactfully, uses diplomatic communication, appoints ambassadors, recognizes representatives of other countries, accepts and greets foreign leaders, making treaties, signs executive agreements = foreign policy leader
chief legislator
proposing on budget, recommending bills, signing bills, vetoing bills
president as economic planner
deals with major economic decisions in our economy
party leader
guides their political party and raising money for them and helping members get elected
responsibilities of executive office of the president agencies
aiding the president in responsibilities laid out by the constitution
15 cabinet members’ responsibilities
head the departments and advise the president
white house office staff responsibilities
directing, managing, and overseeing policy development, daily operations, and staff activity
why and how was the spoils system changed
pendleton act, promotes merit-based hiring/civil service system
why has the federal bureaucracy changed in size
more people, more money, more problems