ap human geo

1. Arithmetic density

is a measure of population density calculated by dividing the total number of people by the total land area. It provides insight into how crowded an area may be.

1. Physiological density

1. Agricultural density 

Megalopolis

Census

1. Natural increase:  explain the formula (CBR-CDR/10)

1. Dependency ratio

1. Demographic transition

IMR

1. Child mortality rate

1. Eugenic population policies

google

1. Anti-natalist policy  definiton

enocurging kids by government

natalist

discouraging having kids

Remittances

money sent back from guest Workers. 

Nomadism

frequent movement between places.

Transhumance

moving livestock from one place to another seasonal

1. International/internal migration

moving in-between 2 countries or the same country. 

1. Forced migration

involutary movement one place to another. 

1. Human trafficking

illegaly moving people or working people.

1. Gravity model

predicts the interaction between two places, like migration or trade, based on their population or economic size and the distance between them

1. Intervening opportunity

a factor that arises between a person's origin and their intended destination, such as a job offer or better living conditions, that can influence them to settle in a new location.

1. Chain migration

moving a place because relatives or friends move.

1. Internally displaced persons

people forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, human rights violations, or disasters, but who remain within their own country's borders.

1. Inter/intraregional  migration

Interregional migration is the movement of people between different regions of a country, while intraregional migration is movement within a single region. Both are types of internal migration, which means the movement occurs within national borders. Common drivers for both include economic opportunities, with people moving for jobs or higher wages, and environmental factors like natural disasters. 

1. Carrying capacity

maximum amount of people allowed or capable of living in environment.

IMR

infant mortality rate.

CMR

1. Child Mortality Rate

1. Neo-Malthusian theory

posits that the Earth's finite resources cannot support the exponential growth of the human population, leading to a potential ecological and humanitarian catastrophe.

stage 1

• • High birth and death rates. 

  • Slow or stable population growth. 

  • Characterized by pre-industrial, agrarian societies. 

stage 2

• Death rates fall due to improvements in food production, sanitation, and healthcare. 

• Birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth. 

stage 3

• Birth rates begin to fall due to urbanization, increased education, and changing social attitudes. 

• Population growth slows down as the gap between birth and death rates narrows

stage 4

• Low birth and death rates. 

• Population growth is very slow or stabilizes. 

• Associated with post-industrial economies

stage 5 

• Death rates exceed birth rates. 

• The population begins to decline

ravenstien laws

• Step Migration: Migration tends to happen in a series of steps, with people moving from their home village to a nearby town, and then to a more distant city. 

• Economic Motivation: The primary reason for migration is usually economic, such as seeking better job opportunities or living conditions. 

• Push and Pull Factors: Migration decisions are guided by push factors (negative conditions at home, like economic hardship) and pull factors (positive attractions of a new place, like jobs or better education). 

• Counter-Migration: Each significant flow of migration creates an opposing flow of people moving away from the destination. 

• Rural to Urban: Rural residents are generally more migratory than urban residents. 

• Urban Centers: Long-distance migrants are typically drawn to major centers of commerce and industry.