American Gov Exam 2 - UT Austin

sarah_hewlett

Implied

general powers suggested by the Constitution rather than specifically enumerated within it.

Delegated

a model of representation calling for members of Congress to serve as the mouthpiece of their constituents in the legislative process. As a delegate

Impeachment

the first step in the process of removing an official from public office by force. It occurs when a legislative body votes to bring charges against the official. 7.7 & 8.1

Commander in chief

cannot declare war

Executive Privilege

does not allow for concealing of information during a criminal investigation (ex. Nixon)

Pardon

the exoneration of both the crime and the associated penalty. 8.5

Veto Power

executive power

can be overturned by Congress by a ⅔ majority Override: by a ⅔ majority

Divided Government

the situation occurring when one party controls the White House and another party controls the House

Plural Executive

a form of state government in which many or most top executive branch officials win office through popular election

Lieutenant Governor

an elected executive official who is both first in line to succeed the governor and the president of the senate

Attorney General

the state's elected chief lawyer

Bureaucracy

a set of structures and procedures used by government (or other large organizations) to administer policies and programs. 10.1

Government Corporations

a government organization that performs business or commercial activities typically associated with the private sector. Amtrak and the U.S. Postal Service are both government corporations. 3.11

Progressive Era

the period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries marked by a social movement calling for sweeping reforms through increased government regulation. Some of the Progressives' priorities included prohibition of alcohol

Devolution

the delegation of power by the federal government to state and local governments. (10.15)

Privatization

a shift in responsibility for service provision from the public sector to the private sector. 10.15

Opinion: Majority

a written opinion that establishes the decision of the Court

Opinion: Concurring

an opinion that agrees with the conclusion

Opinion: Dissenting

an opinion that disagrees with the conclusion of the majority opinion of the Court. 11.7

Judicial Review

the Supreme Court's ability to interpret the constitutionality of any act of Congress

Original vs. Appellate Jurisdiction

Original: the power to hear a case for the first time. The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction. 11.3 Appellate: the power to review cases originally heard in a lower court. The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction.

Amicus Curiae

a type of brief filed by a "friend of the court

Stare decisis

the principle of deferring to precedent (11.9

Public Interests

those interests that benefit the whole as opposed to benefiting a select group of private interests. (12.3)

Collective Action Problems

a situation faced by groups attempting to coordinate the activities and efforts of membership. The group's goals are best achieved if everyone participates

Free-riders

those who attempt to benefit from a collective effort without working toward its achievement. (12.8)

Solidary Benefits

social advantages (such as networking

Material Benefits

rewards carrying monetary value that come from membership or participation in an interest group.

Purposive Benefits

the gratification that comes from working toward a worthy cause or desired policy goal.

Lobbying

political activity that aims to influence government policymaking. Those who engage in lobbying are known as lobbyists.

Political Action Committee (PAC)

organizations established by individuals or private groups with the aim of raising money to contribute to candidates for elective office. PACs are regulated by the Federal Election Commission.

527 Organizations

groups that are created primarily to support or oppose candidates for elective office

TEXT 10: The executive branch includes which of the following?

cabinet departments and federal agencies

text 10: A worker at the upper end of a bureaucratic hierarchy would probably be which of the following?

a person of greater authority

text 10: A bureaucracy has which of the following characteristics?

It reflects a division of labor.

text 10: The use of paperwork in a bureaucracy lends itself to which of the following?

standardization

text 10: How many entities make up the Executive Office of the President.

13

text 10: What is an independent agency?

an organization set up by Congress

text 10: The Federal Reserve System is which of the following?

an independent regulatory commission

text 10: Executive departments generally correspond to which of the following?

congressional committees

text 10: The Department of Agriculture may be considered which of the following?

clientele-oriented

text 10: What are the three components of an iron triangle?

congressional committees

text 10: What distinguishes an iron triangle from an issue network?

An iron triangle tends to be more powerful than an issue network.

text 10: Which of the following serves narrow rather than general interests?

the departure of Agriculture.

text 10: At which point in time did the the federal bureaucracy first significantly increase in size?

the election of President Andrew Jackson

text 10: How did distrust of the British government influence the original structure of the federal bureaucracy?

The bureaucracy was small when initially created

text 10: The spoils system had which of the following effects?

the expansion of the federal bureaucracy

text 10: Thomas Newton has built his career selling livestock at auction. As a supporter of the newly elected president

he has offered a job in the department of Transportation even though he knows little about transportation issues. What is this an example of?

text 10: What was one of the purposes of the Meat Inspection Act?

to regulate labor

text 10: Which of the following policy priorities was a part of the Progressive movement?

conservation of land

text 10: The Pendleton Act did which of the following?

required federal employees to be hired based on merit

text 10: According to the text

what has come to be viewed as the moment when the federal bureaucracy became a crucial provider of social services?

text 10: The campaign promises of which of the following resulted in a major expansion of the federal bureacracy?

Franklin Roosevelt

text 10: After World War II

what happened to the federal bureaucracy?