Bio 102 exam 1 (Cell biology, molecular structure/function)

Strict definition of an organic molecule

Carbon-containing molecules with a carbon-hydrogen covalent bond

Hydrogen bond donor

The electronegative atom bonded to the hydrogen

Hydrogen bond acceptor

The electronegative atom with the lone pair of electrons

Four categories of biomolecules

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipids

3. Proteins

4. Nucleic acids

Dehydration synthesis

Synthesis of a polymer

Hydrolysis

Breaking down a polymer

Carbohydrate monomer

Glucose

Disaccharide

Two glucose monomers

Glucose polymer

Polysaccharide

• Starch

• Fiber

Carbohydrate roles

Structure, storage

Nucleic acids are composed of

• Phosphate

• Sugar

• Base

Nitrogenous bases attach to the _ carbon of the base

1 prime

Where the next nucleotide attaches in a growing chain of DNA/RNA

3 prime carbon

Nucleotide naming

1. Is it DNA (“d”) or RNA (no letter)

2. What is the base: A,T,G,C, or U?

3. How many phosphates? MP, DP, or TP?

Nucleotide vs nucleic acid

• Nucleotide: composed of base, sugar, and phosphate

• Nucleic acid: chain of nucleotides linked together

Number of H bonds in an A-T pair

2

Number of H bonds in a C-G pair

3