Kidney Electrolyte Regulation Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about kidney electrolyte regulation, focusing on plasma volume, bicarbonate, and potassium regulation.

Plasma Volume Regulation

Regulation of plasma volume is addressed via altering NaCl recovery.

Bicarbonate Ion Regulation

Regulation of plasma [bicarbonate ion] is addressed via H+ or HCO3- secretion.

Potassium Ion Regulation

Regulation of plasma [potassium ion] is addressed via altering K+ secretion.

Granular cells

Specialized smooth muscle cells located in the afferent arteriole that produce Renin.

Macula Densa Cells

Cells that measure NaCl in DCT filtrate and promote renin secretion if [NaCl] is low.

Renin

An enzyme produced by the JGA granular SM cells that initiates a cascade resulting in increased blood pressure and increased Na+ retention.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

A system that begins with renin and ultimately leads to increased blood pressure and increased Na+ retention.

ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)

An enzyme in the lung that converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.

Aldosterone (ALDO)

Steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex that increases Na+ reabsorption in the collecting duct.

Plasma pH Regulation

Plasma pH is regulated by altering plasma [HCO3-].

Type A Intercalated cells

Secrete H+ into filtrate and increase HCO3- in the plasma in response to acidosis.

Type B Intercalated cells

Secrete HCO3- into filtrate and decrease HCO3- in the plasma in response to alkalosis.

Normal Plasma [K+]

Normal range of plasma [K+] is 3.5 mM – 5.5 mM

Hyperkalemia

Plasma [K+] > 5.5 mM

Hypokalemia

Plasma [K+] < 3.5 mM

Sensors in renal regulation of K+ excretion

AC aldosterone-secreting cells

Effectors in renal regulation of K+ excretion

Collecting duct principal cells