Unit 4 Vocab

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49 Terms

1

Centripetal Force

A force that acts to unify people and enhance the stability of a state.

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2

Federal State

A political system in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent units.

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3

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one party over another.

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4

Nation-State

A sovereign state whose citizens or subjects share a common nationality.

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5

State

A politically organized body of people occupying a definite territory.

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6

Centrifugal Force

A force that tends to divide or disintegrate a state by pushing people apart.

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7

Devolution

The transfer of power from a central government to subnational levels of government.

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8

Nation

A group of people who share common cultural characteristics.

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9

Unitary State

A state governed as a single entity where the central government is supreme.

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10

Antecedent Border

A boundary that was established before the area was populated.

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11

Compact State

A state whose territory is relatively small and circular in shape.

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12

Fragmented State

A state that is composed of disjointed pieces of territory.

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13

Frontier

A zone where no state exercises complete control.

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14

Geometric Boundary

A boundary drawn using straight lines, often following lines of latitude and longitude.

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15

Heartland Theory

A geopolitical hypothesis that suggests control of the central area of Eurasia is key to global domination.

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16

Landlocked State

A state that does not have direct access to an ocean or sea.

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17

Microstate

A very small country or state.

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18

Perforated State

A state that completely surrounds another state.

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19

Prorupted State

A state that has a large extension of land protruding from the main territory.

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20

Relic Boundary

A boundary that no longer exists but has left a lasting mark on the cultural or physical landscape.

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21

Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

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22

Subsequent Border

A boundary that was established after the area was populated.

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23

Superimposed Border

A boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape which ignores pre-existing cultural patterns.

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24

Balkanization

The process of dividing a region into smaller, often hostile units.

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25

Confederate State

A union of sovereign states, often with a weak central authority.

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26

Elongated State

A state with a long and narrow shape.

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27

Enclave

A territory entirely surrounded by the territory of another state.

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28

European Union

A political and economic union of member states located primarily in Europe.

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29

Exclave

A portion of territory that is separated from the main territory and surrounded by foreign territory.

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30

Forward Capital

A capital city that has been intentionally relocated to a more geographically advantageous position.

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31

Nationalism

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation.

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32

Neo-Colonialism

The use of economic, political, and cultural pressures to control or influence other countries.

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33

Reapportionment

The process of reallocating seats in a legislative body.

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34

Rimland Theory

A theory that suggests that the coastal fringes of Eurasia are the key to global power.

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35

Stateless Nation

A group of people without a sovereign state of their own.

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36

Territoriality

The connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land.

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37

Buffer State

A country separating two hostile nations.

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38

Domino Theory

The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries.

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39

Geopolitics

The study of the effects of geography on international politics and relations.

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40

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

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41

Multinational State

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination.

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42

Physical-Political Boundary

A boundary determined by physical features of the landscape.

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43

Political Geography

The study of the spatial distribution of political processes and how they are affected by geographic structures.

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44

Supranationalism

A philosophy where a group of nations come together for a common goal, often leading to a loss of some individual sovereignty.

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45

Self-Determination

The right of a people to determine their own political status.

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46

Theocracy

A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

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47

United Nations

An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries.

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48

Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

An international treaty that establishes guidelines for the delimitation of the world's oceans.

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49

Colonialism

The practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country or territory.

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