resp&card phys 1

2 structures of the nose

nares and vestibule

major functions of the nose

heat humidify and filter

function of nasal conchae

Maximal exposure to inspired air to nasal mucosa perform major functions of the nose

structure of nasal conchae

3 shelves superior middle and inferior

sinuses

para nasal structures that drain into the nasal cavities, bones form holes in head

sinus names

frontal maxillary ethmoid and sphenoid

function of sinus

temperature insulation and lighten head mass

parts of pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

functions of pharynx

gas conduction and landmarks for intubation

in what section of the pharynx are the landmarks for intubation

laryngopharynx

weldeyer’s ring of lymphnoid

tonils

middle ear connected to the pharynx via

auditory tubes/ pharyngotympanic - maintaining balance

4 major cartilages

thyroid cricoid epiglottis arachnoid

what structure can be used to make an emergency airway in larynx

cricothyroid membrane

smallest part of upper airway in infants

cricoid cartilage

patient with nerve damage difficulty swallowing, coughing might have problem with the

epiglottis

trouble covering the glottis can develop

asperation pneumonia

2 structures contained in the larynx

thyroid notch and thyroid membrane

tube used during intibation

endotracheal tube

2 functions of the larynx

gas conduction and protect lower airway

lower airway is separated into 2 sections

tracheabroncial tree and lungparencema

the three tissue layers of the tracheobronchial tree

epithelium, laminapropria, cartilaginous

epithelial layer of lungs

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

2 places respiratory epithelium is not found

oropharynx and larynx

what happens to the air ways as the tracheobronchial tree divides

airway becomes narrow

as trachiobroncheal tree devides what happens to the cartilage

disappear in the smaller bronchioles

how many c shaped cartilages

15-20

the point of tracheal bifurcation is known as

carina

the right main stem bronchus is… why is it a problem

wider shorter and more vertical… aspiration of foreign objects

what is the last generation of the tracheobronchial tree

terminal bronchioles

the mucous blanket consist of three parts

gel layer, sol layer and cilia

function of mucous blanket

self cleaning mechanism unwanted particles

funtional unit of the lung

primary lobule

airways within lung parenchyma

respiratory bronchioles, alviolar ducts & sacs, and alvioli

function of lung parenchyma

gas conduction

functional units of the lungs

alvioli

respiratory bronchioles have alveoli

terminal bronchioles don’t have alveoli

alveolar epithelium consist of

type 1,2,3 Pneumocytes

function of surfactant

reduce surface tension help lungs expand

what happens to alveoli if no surfactant

alveoli colapse, surface tension decreases

when is surfactant absent

premies IRDS and ARDS

layers of alveolar capillary membrane

surfactant, alviolar ep, basement ep, interstitial space

capillary endothelium is important because

blood flows through it and picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

the ac membrane is how thick

0.5 microm

vital capacity

the maximum amount of air a person can exhale from their lungs after taking a deepest possible breath

what prevents aspiration of food and water

epiglottis

the canals of lambert are found in the

terminal bronchioles

what has the greatest combined cross sectional area

terminal bronchioles

95% of the alveolar surface is composed of which of the following

type 1 cells and squamus pneumocytes

respiratory epithelium covers

trachea and nasopharynx

accessory muscles of inspiration

trapezius and scalene muscles

the bronchial arteries nourish the tracheobronchial tree down to and including

terminal bronchioles

three sections of strenum

manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process

cpr is done over the

sternal body

the mediastinum contains

heart trachea and esophagus

pressure

force psi

flow

volume over time mL/s

relationship between flow and volume

more flow is more volume

pressure difference between body surface (nose/mouth) and the alvioli

driving pressure

four volumes

Tidal Volume, The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal, quiet breath

Inspiratory Reserve Volume, The extra air you can forcefully inhale after a normal, quiet inhalation

Expiratory Reserve Volume, The extra air you can forcefully exhale after a normal, quiet exhalation

Residual Volume, The air that stays in the lungs even after a forceful exhalation