HA: Mouth & Nose

Mouth & Throat

Make up the first part of digestive system, responsible for receiving food, taste, preparing food for digestion and aiding speech

Nose and Paranasal sinuses

Constitute the first part of the respiratory system, responsible for receiving, filtering, warming, and moistening air to be transported to the lungs

Mouth

Also known as the oral cavity

Mouth

formed by the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palates, uvula, and the tongue and its muscles

Oral cavity

Contains tongue, teeth, gums, and the openings of the salivary glands

Throat

Also known as the pharynx

Throat

Located behind the mouth and nose, serves as a muscular passage for food and air.

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

3 parts of the throat

Palatine, Lingual, Pharyngeal

Masses of lymphoid tissue

Nasopharynx

lies behind the nose

connect nasal passages to the rest of the respiratory system, allows passage of air to get from nose to lungs

Oropharynx

middle part

Includes back of tongue, tonsils, soft-palate and pharyngeal wall, allows air and food to pass through. Serves as both respiratory and digestive system

Hypopharynx

What is the other name for Laryngopharynx

Laryngopharynx

Crucial connection point through which food, water, and air pass. Also, the point where pharynx divides anteriorly into the larynx and posteriorly into esophagus

Nose

Consists of an external portion covered with skin and an internal nasal cavity

Nares

What do you call the two openings of the external nose

Internal nose

nasal cavity; nasal septum; Kiesselbach area; superior, middle, and inferior turbinate

Kiesselbach area

located at anterior inferior quadrant of nasal septum

Kiesselbach area

where several arteries anastomose. Common site of nose bleeding (epistaxis)

Turbinate

bony structures inside the nose covered by soft tissue(mucosa)

Turbinate

that regulates airflow , warm and humidify the air you inhale

Paranasal sinuses

group of 4 paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity

Sinuses

This decrease the weight of the skull and act as resonance chambers during speech

Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoid, Sphenoid

What are the four sinuses

Heavy user of tobacco and alcohol, Men, Vit D deficiency

Common causes of oral cancer

Gingivitis

Red swollen gums that bleed easily occur in earlygum disease

Acute sinusitis / infection of the sinuses

Pain, swelling, tenderness and pressure around eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead are seen in

Rhinorrhea

What do you call the mucous that is thin, watery nasal discharge

Chronic allergy

Rhinorrhea can indicate

Yellow mucus drainage

Mucus that is connected to a typical cold

Sinus congestion, obstruction, or deviated septum

Inability to breathe through both nostrils may indicate

Dysphagia and odynophagia

may be seen with tumors of the pharynx, esophagus, or surrounding structures, narrowing of esophagus, GERD, anxiety, poorly fitting dentures or neuromuscular disorders

Sore throat

are commonly seen with viral infections. Hoarseness may be present

Pollen and Dust

cause seasonal rhinitis; may cause rhinitis year- round

Oral cancer

Smoking and excessive use of alcohol increases a person’s risk for

2x a day

How many times should teeth be brush

Brushing teeth, flossing

What to do to prevent dental caries and gum disease

Lips smooth, moist, no swelling or lesions
32 pearly white teeth with smooth surfaces

When inspecting lips, teeth and gums it should have a result of

Color pink in light skinned clients

When inspecting the buccal mucosa it should be

Pink, moist and moderate size with papillae present and no leasions

When inspecting the tongue, tongue should be

Main channel of saliva

What is Wharton ducts

At the midline

When inspecting the wharton ducts and sides of the tongue, Lingual frenulum should be

Wharton ducts or submandibular ducts are visible with salivary flow or moistnes

When inspecting the wharton ducts, what should be its result

strong resistance and can distinguish

When checking the anterior’s tongue it tests the

it should be pale or whitish with firm wrinkles

When inspecting the hard palate and uvula it should be

Pinkish, spongy, and smooth

When inspecting soft palate it should be

It should hang freely in midline

When inspecting the uvula it should be

Present or absent, normally pink and symmetric and may be enlarged to 1+ in healthy clients

When inspecting tonsils it should be

as same as the face, symmetric, no tenderness

Color of the nose should be

Sniff through each nostril

When checking the patency of the air through nostrils, client should be able to

Otoscope

What do you use to inspect internal nose

Dark pink and free of exudate

When inspecting the internal nose, the nasal mucosa should be

Intact, no ulcers and perforations

When inspecting the internal nose, Nasal septum should be

Dark pink, free of lesiosn

When inspecting the internal nose, Turbinate should be

Deviated septum

may appear to be an overgrowth of tissue. This is normal finding IF breathing is not obstructed

Frontal and Maxilary are nontender

When palpating the sinuses

Pink

Color of lips that are normal in light-skinned clients

Dark-skinned

Bluish or freckled lips are common to

Torus palatinus

( bony growth in roof of the mouth) in female Eskimos, Native Americans, and Asians

Bifid uvula

 (cleft uvula or split in two) in Native Americans and Asians

worn down

When aging, tooth surface

Weak and decreased in ability

When aging, smelling becomes

Drier and more fragile

When aging, oral mucose is

Varicose veins

Located in ventral surface of tongue-characterized by small dilated veins under the lateral borders of the tongue.