APGOV unit 1: chapter 3

grants in aid

money from national government given to the states for the purpose of carrying out public policy that the national government has deemed important

Raich/Monson case

medical marijuana- outcome of the case

Plessy v. Ferguson

dissenting opinion of one justice: when it comes to civil rights, all citizens are created equal

Effect of the Great Depression of Federalism

national government grew stronger since the states were not equipped to deal with the crisis

McCulloch v. Maryland: could Congress charter a national bank?

SC ruled that Congress can create a national bank and states cant tax federal institutions

US v. Lopez: once the case made it to the SC

they had to prove that the Gun-Free School Zones Act regulated an activity that was related to interstate commerce

full faith and credit clause

states must recognize public acts and records from other states

Controlled Substance Act under Obama's administration

Justice Department was to focus on drug trafficking

10th Amendment

Reserved state's rights

commerce clause

Congress has the authority to regulate interstate business and any commercial activity

block grants

funds are provided in a way that increases state and local authority on how the funds are spent

implied power: EX

creation of air force. Constitution says only army and navy.

unitary system of government

central government has power over all subnational governments

fiscal federalism

national government using grants in aid to influence state policies

Raich/Monson case

raised questions about the boundaries between the powers of the federal and state governments 

Every Student Succeeds Act

gave more power back to the states in setting educational standards compared to NCLB

Controlled Substance Act

example of Congress exercising authority to regulate interstate commerce

Marshall Court typically ruled in favor of strong national government

he was a staunch federalist: defined early federalism

The SC ruling in Raich/Monson case

Marijuana was considered a commodity that would have to be regulated by the federal government and there is a market for marijuana that substantially impacts interstate commerce

Federalism

system of government that divides power between the state and national governments

John Marshall

set precedent in SC: Congress has certain implied powers that are not listed in the Constitution

US v. Lopez: significance

it REVERSED the trend of expanding national power

selective incorporation

process by which liberties in the Bill of Rights are applied to states on a case-by-case basis

exclusive powers

powers only granted to the national government

categorical grant

expands national power by states depending on money to maintain a policy that was implemented with a federal money through categorial grant

Examples of reserved powers

elections, police

Cooperative federalism

when the states and the national government work together to shape public policy