Lung Diseases

Asthma

Chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction wheezing cough and dyspnea triggered by allergens or irritants

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Progressive airflow limitation due to emphysema and chronic bronchitis symptoms include chronic cough sputum production and dyspnea primarily caused by smoking

Emphysema

Destruction of alveolar walls leading to enlarged air spaces decreased surface area and impaired gas exchange often due to smoking

Chronic bronchitis

Chronic productive cough lasting more than three months for two consecutive years caused by airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion

Bronchiectasis

Permanent dilation of bronchi caused by chronic infection or inflammation leading to cough with foul-smelling sputum and recurrent infections

Pulmonary fibrosis

Progressive scarring of lung interstitium causing restrictive lung disease symptoms include dyspnea dry cough and crackles on auscultation

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Chronic progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause presenting with exertional dyspnea and dry cough primarily affecting older adults

Sarcoidosis

Multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology commonly involving lungs and lymph nodes causing cough dyspnea and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Pneumonia

Infection of lung parenchyma causing fever cough sputum production and infiltrates on chest X-ray

Tuberculosis

Chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis symptoms include cough weight loss night sweats and hemoptysis

Pulmonary embolism

Sudden obstruction of pulmonary artery by thrombus causing sudden dyspnea chest pain and hypoxia often arising from deep vein thrombosis

Pneumothorax

Accumulation of air in pleural space causing sudden chest pain and dyspnea with decreased breath sounds on affected side

Pleural effusion

Excess fluid in pleural space causing dyspnea decreased breath sounds and dullness to percussion

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Severe inflammatory lung injury causing diffuse alveolar damage hypoxemia and respiratory failure often following trauma or sepsis

Pulmonary hypertension

Elevated pulmonary artery pressure leading to right heart strain dyspnea fatigue and syncope

Cystic fibrosis

Genetic disorder causing thick mucus secretions lung infections and pancreatic insufficiency due to CFTR gene mutation

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Genetic disorder causing early-onset emphysema due to lack of protease inhibitor protecting lung tissue

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Immune-mediated lung inflammation caused by inhaled organic antigens resulting in cough dyspnea and fever

Silicosis

Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of silica dust leading to nodular lung fibrosis and increased tuberculosis risk

Asbestosis

Interstitial fibrosis caused by asbestos exposure presenting with dyspnea and restrictive lung disease

Lung cancer

Malignant tumor often presenting with cough hemoptysis weight loss and chest pain

Small cell lung cancer

Aggressive neuroendocrine tumor strongly associated with smoking causing early metastasis and paraneoplastic syndromes

Non-small cell lung cancer

Includes adenocarcinoma squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma often presenting with cough and hemoptysis

Pleural mesothelioma

Malignant tumor of pleura associated with asbestos exposure causing chest pain and pleural effusion

Acute bronchitis

Inflammation of bronchi usually viral causing cough with sputum and wheezing

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection

Common cause of bronchiolitis in infants presenting with cough wheezing and respiratory distress

Bronchiolitis

Inflammation of small airways in infants causing wheezing and difficulty breathing

Pulmonary edema

Accumulation of fluid in alveoli causing dyspnea crackles and frothy sputum often due to heart failure

Pneumoconiosis

Lung diseases caused by inhalation of inorganic dusts leading to fibrosis and restrictive lung disease

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Progressive increase in pulmonary arterial pressure causing dyspnea fatigue and right heart failure

Acute bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus leading to asthma exacerbations and pulmonary infiltrates