Section 3

Psychology

An area of science that focuses on people, and in particular, how the mind and feelings may influence behaviors.

Adherence

The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.

Motivation

The intensity and direction of someone’s effort to participate in an activity or engage in a behavior.

Intensity

refers to the amount of effort expended

Direction

Refers to whether or not someone seeks out a behavior

Soceoeconomic Status

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.

Amotivation

Describes when someone is not motivated to engage in an activity or behavior.

What are the two types of motivation?

Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

Extrinsic Motivation

focuses on doing an activity for some type of recognition, such as earning a trophy or award; it relies on looking forward to something if a specific behavior is achieved.

Intrinsic Motivation

It is described as the motivation that comes from within a person. Someone who sees value in the journey and learning.

exercising for stress relief, increasing energy, and finding new ways to be challenged physically are all examples of

intrinsic motivation

What is one of the most important things about psychology and its relationship with fitness and wellness?

The role it plays in the behavioral change process

Generally speaking, what does psychology influence regarding fitness and wellness on any given day?

The decision to be physically active or not

What are common barriers for clients to commit to exercise

Time, Unrealistic Goals, Lack of Social Support, Social Physique Activity

What are ways to overcome percieved lack of time when working with a client?

Committing to exercise as the first activity in the morning or immediately after work is one way for clients to put exercise ahead of competing activities or logging how time is spent.

Outcome Goals

Goals focused on the end result.

Process Goals

Refers to the process of goal pursuit.

Why are unrealistic goals a barrier for clients?

Because If an individual believes that they are not making sufficient progress, the exerciser may start to feel defeated and eventually discontinue the practice of exercise.

This barrier is when people’s friends of family discourages them from making positive health changes

Lack of social support.

Social Physique anxiety

individuals feel anxiety about their physical appearance or are insecure about how they look to others or how they believe others perceive their body

Ambivalence

Describes a person’s state of mixed feelings about a situation.

This word describes a client who sees the positives of exercise, but does not want to sacrifice their social time with family or friends, social gathering, or good food to achieve a healthy lifestyle.

Ambivalence

What is the top barrier to exercise?

Lack of time

What are the four types of social support?

Instrumental, emotional, informational, companionship

Instrumental Support

The actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen. In the context of exercise, instrumental support can include driving a person to a health club or paying for the gym membership.

What are examples of Emotional Support

Encouraging someone to exercise, Providing positive feedback

Listening to someone when they are frustrated with exercise

What are examples of informational support

Giving sound advice about how to achieve optimal health and fitness, Providing education about the current recommendations for physical activity, Educating people about the risk of poor health accompanying a sedentary lifestyle

Emotional Support

The encouragement and positive reinforcement that is provided from an individual to another, which includes being caring, empathetic, and showing concern.

Empathy

The ability to identify with another person’s feelings, attitudes, or thoughts.

Informational Support

someone receives accurate information about a behavior or topic. This is the most common type of support provided by a fitness professiona

Companionship Support

describes the way that someone engages in a behavior with another individual. This type of support is often observed in an exercise setting where people exercise with a friend or partner

What are four components of leadership?

Leader’s qualities, leadership style, situational factors and follower’s qualities.

Leader’s Qualities

The leader should offer a great example in how to lead a healthy and balanced life, which includes being optimistic, empathetic, and knowledgeable.

Leadership Style

The different styles of leadership include a participant-centered approach that encourages feedback and input or an autocratic approach where participants are told what to do in a task-oriented environment. Leaders should be able to adjust their style based on the situation.

Situational Factors

These factors include group size, whether it is a large or small group, and potential  adjustments for style; for example, larger groups may need a more autocratic style.

Follower’s Qualities

Leaders should consider the qualities of the followers, including age, gender, and  exercise experience.

What are some psychological benefits of exercise>

improved mood, increased self-esteem, increased positive body image, better sleep, and decreased levels of depression and anxiety.

Mood

refers to how someone feels; it is considered a more long-term state of mind, unlike emotion, which is a short-term reaction to a situation

Self-esteem

The way someone evaluates their own self-worth physically, emotionally, and socially.

Body Image

The way someone views their physical self or visualizes their body.

Sleep Apnea

A sleep disorder in which a person’s breathing repeatedly stops and starts, which disrupts the body’s natural sleep cycle.

Which is the most restorative tool?

Sleep

What does the term mood refer to?

How someone feels over the long term