DEGENERATION AND NECROSIS

Upon cell injury:

1. Cell may adapt (degeneration)

2. Cell may die (necrosis)

implies a sick cell or tissue

degeneration

forms of degeneration

1. cell (clpudy) swelling

2. ballooning degen

3. hydrophic degen/serous infiltration

4. hyaline degen

5. mucoid degen

6. fatty degen

7. fibrinoid degen

8. colloidal degen

9. wallerian degen

accumulation of fluid in cytoplasm

cell (cloudy) swelling

accumulation of fluid in cytoplasm of epidermal cells

ballooning degen

more advanced cell swelling, and cell has tendency to burst

hydrophic degen/serous infiltration

formation and accumulation of hyaline in tissue

hyaline degen

formation and accumulation of mucin granules

mucoid degen

deposition of fat globules

fatty degen

deposition or replacement of eosinophilic granular or globular subs, resembling fibrin

fibrinoid degen

conversion of tissue into gelatinous or gum-like

colloidal degen

degeneration of nerve fiber and its myelin sheath

wallerian degen

forms of necrosis

1. coagulative necrosis

2. caseation necrosis

3. liquefactive necrosis

4. gangrene-product necrosis

5. fat necrosis

6. infarct necrosis

7. zenker’s necrosis

cells are dead but tissue architecture is still intact of maintaining a solid consistency

coagulative necrosis

cells are dead and tissue architecture is lost and appears cheesy

caseation necrosis

there is complete dissolution of tissue and tissue undergo self digestion

liquefactive necrosis

product of necrosis plus bacterial putrefaction

gangrene

2 types of gangrene necrosis

1. wet

2. dry

gangrene necrosis originate from coagulative necrosis

dry gangrene

ganrene originate from liquefactive necrosis

wet gangrene

due to function of lipase on adipose, resulting to saponification

fat necrosis

area of coagulative necrosis in tissue due to sudden stoppage of blood flow thru an artery or vein

infarct

degeneration and necrosis of striated muscles

zenker’s necrosis

Adaptive changes in cell

1. atrophy

2. hypertrophy

3. hyperplasia

4. metaplasia

qualitative decrease in size

atrophy

qualitative increase in size

hypertrophy

quantitative increase in number of cells

hyperplasia

transformation of 1 type of cell into another

metaplasia

reversion of cell to primitive type

anaplasia

abnormality in size, shape, and orientation of cells

dysplasia

failure of development of organ to its normal size

hypoplasia

formation of new cell/tissue type

neoplasia