lecture 35 pharynx

muscular funnel lined with mucous membrane

what is the pharynx?

base of skull to C6 vertebral level

the pharynx extends from ___ to ___

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

what is the pharynx divided into?

nasal cavity and middle ear

what does the nasopharynx communicate with?

oral cavity

what does the oropharynx communicate with?

larynx and esophagus

what does the laryngopharynx communicate with?

posterior to nasal cavity

where is the nasopharynx located?

pharyngeal opening of auditory tubes from middle ear, tonsils

what structures are found in the nasopharynx?

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and tubal tonsils

what tonsils are located in the nasopharynx?

posterior part of root of nasopharynx

where are the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) located?

mucosa covering posterior portion of torus tubarius, posterior to opening of auditory tubes

where are the tubal tonsils located?

soft palate and uvula

what forms the floor of the nasopharynx?

nasopharynx, laryngopharynx

the oropharynx is continuous with the ___ above and ___ below

inferior margin of uvula to superior margin of epiglottis

the oropharynx extends from the ___ to ___

oral cavity

the oropharynx is located behind what?

stratified squamous epithelium

what is the oropharynx lined with?

foodstuff, air

what does the oropharynx receive from the oral cavity? nasal cavity?

lingual tonsils, palatine tonsils

what tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

lateral walls of oropharynx between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

where are palatine tonsils located?

base/pharyngeal part of tongue, floor of oropharynx

where are lingual tonsils located?

oropharynx to esophagus

the laryngopharynx spans inferiorly from ___ to ___

posterior to opening of larynx

where is the laryngopharynx located?

incomplete ring of tonsillar tissue that partially encircles superior 2 parts of pharynx

what is Waldeyer's ring?

no

does the Waldeyer's ring present a strong defense to pathogens that may infect the lower respiratory tract?

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils

list contents of Waldeyer's ring

lymphoid

lingual tonsils (lingual follicles) are what type of tissue?

palatine tonsils

what are the tonsils (ones that you can see if inflammed in posterior throat)?

two

how many layers of muscle are surrounding the pharynx?

internal layer and external layer

what are the two layers surrounding the pharynx?

elevate the pharynx and larynx

what is the function of the internal layer of the pharynx?

vertically

how are the muscle fibers of internal layer of pharynx oriented?

stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

what are the mm of the internal layer?

constrict pharynx during swallowing

what is the function of the external layer of mm of pharynx?

encircling posterior pharynx

how are the external layer of mm of pharynx oriented?

superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor

what mm make up the external layer of pharynx?

baby teeth or milk teeth

what are deciduous teeth aka?

20 teeth

how many teeth should a child have by about the age of 2?

central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st deciduous molar, 2nd deciduous molar

what does each quadrant contain (deciduous teeth)?

permanent premolars

what are the 1st and 2nd deciduous molars replaced by?

adult teeth

permanent teeth are aka...

32

how many total permanent teeth or adult teeth should there be?

28

how many permanent teeth or adult teeth should there be if the 3rd molars are removed or do not erupt?

central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st premolar, 2nd premolar, 1st molar, 2nd molar, 3rd molar

what should each quadrant should contain (permanent teeth)?