DIAGNOSIS

the diagnosis of _______ is confirmed by the presence of characteristic optic disk changes and visual field loss, with or without increased IOP

open-angle glaucoma

_______ refers to disk changes, visual field loss, and IOP of less than 21 mm Hg

Normal tension glaucoma

_________ refers to IOP of more than 21 mm Hg without disk changes or visual field loss.

Ocular hypertension

Gonioscopy

anterior-chamber angles are to be open.

Applanation tonometry

—elevated IOP (greater than 21 mm Hg [2.8 kPa]) may be present. However, patient can have signs of optic neuropathy without elevated IOP.

Pachymetry

—measures central corneal thickness. Thin corneas (less than 540 μm) are considered a glaucoma risk factor.

Automated static threshold perimetry

—evaluates visual fields. Can detect defects in the visual field before a patient may notice.

Other diagnostic tests

—scanning laser polarimetry, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and optical coherence tomography.