LO9: Blood Grouping
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6 Terms
What determines the ABO blood group?
Presence or absence of antigens (A and B) on red blood cells' surface.
What are the four main ABO blood groups?
Group A: Has A antigen on RBCs, anti-B antibodies in plasma.
Group B: Has B antigen on RBCs, anti-A antibodies in plasma.
Group AB: Has both A and B antigens, no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
Group O: Has no A or B antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies present.
What is the Rhesus factor?
A protein (antigen D) on the surface of red blood cells. Presence = Rh positive (+), absence = Rh negative (−).
Why is Rh factor important?
It can cause immune reactions, especially in pregnancy (Rh incompatibility leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn).
What happens if incompatible blood is transfused?
The recipient’s antibodies attack donor RBC antigens, causing agglutination and hemolysis (dangerous transfusion reaction).
How are ABO and Rh used together in blood typing?
Blood groups are classified by ABO type plus Rh factor, e.g., A+, O−, AB+, etc., guiding safe transfusions and pregnancy care.